Exam 2 Review Flashcards
True or False - A medication has one generic name and it may have more than one brand name
True
A nonprescription (over-the-counter) medication may only be obtained with a provider’s prescription.
False - it can be obtained without a provider’s prescription
A medication is prescribed based on its intended therapeutic action (indication)
True
An _______ drug reaction is an unintentional, non-therapeutic effect of a medication
adverse
A ______ for a medication means that it should not be prescribed for a client because it has the potential to cause a serious adverse drug reaction
contraindication
The duration of action is the length of time the ______ effect lasts.
therapeutic
What effect does grapefruit juice have on certain medications such as sertraline?
Medication toxicity - it can cause increased levels of certain medications.
How can you identify a generic drug name when looking through the drug handbook?
It begins with a lowercase letter
In what section of a medication resource book should a nurse look to see if a med has more than one use?
Indications
Which thing would you NOT do related to wearing a nasal cannula?
1. Check the cannula position on a regular basis
2. Apply petroleum jelly to the nares if they are dry
3. Check tops of the ears for skin breakdown
2.
You want to make sure the nares aren’t dry, but you should use a water based lubricant. Oxygen has a high combustion potential and petroleum jelly is combustable.
A nurse is assessing the radial pulse and finds it is irregular. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Assess the pedal pulses
B. Assess the apical pulse with a doppler
C. Assess the apical pulse for a full minute
C
A nurse is completing a client assessment for admission to the medical unit. Which of the following abdominal assessment findings require further investigation by the nurse?
A. Concave umbilicus
B. Ecchymosis
C. Symmetrical convex sphere shape
D. Bilateral bowel sounds in lower quadrant
B
A nurse is preparing to clean a client’s dentures. What action should they take?
A. Remove them with a moist glove
B. Place them on a washcloth in the sink
C. Brush them with toothpaste
B
A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about the function of the large intestine. Which info should the nurse include?
A. It absorbs liquid to form stool
B. It secrets enzymes to digest food
C. It prevents reflux of food into the esophagus
D. It produces vitamin K
A
A nurse is caring for a client who has urinary incontinence. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
A. Use hot water to cleanse the skin
B. Use a pH balanced cleanser to clean the skin
C. Allow skin to air dry after cleaning
D. Apply cornstarch to the skin
B
By two years old a child should be able to speak at least 300 words. True or False
True
What medication level occurs when a a med is at the lowest serum concentration?
trough
A nurse is going to perform foot care on a client. Which action should the nurse plan to take?
A. Apply moisturizer between the toes
B. Allow to air dry
C. Use warm water to wash the feet
D. Soak feet prior to washing
C
The typical examination sequence is inspection, palpating, percussion and auscultation. What order do you examine the abdomen?
Inspect, auscultate, percuss and palpate
The use of touch to determine size, texture, temperature, location and tenderness is called?
palpation
A nurse provides an introduction to a client as the first step of a comprehensive physical exam. Which of the following strategies should the nurse use with the client? (select all that apply)
A. Address the client with the appropriate title and their last name.
B. Use a mix of open and closed ended questions
C. Reduce environment noise
D. Have the client complete a printed history form
E. Perform the general survey before the exam
A, C, E
A nurse is preparing to examine an older client. Which interventions should the nurse use when considering the age? (select all that apply)
A. Expect session to be shorter than for a younger client
B. Plan to allow plenty of time for position changes
C. Make sure the client has any essential sensory aids in place
D. Invite patrons to use the bathroom before starting the exam
E. Tell the client to take their time answering questions
B, C, D, E
A nurse is performing a physical exam of an adult client. Which part of the hands should the nurse use to palpate for optimal assessment of skin temperature?
-Palmar surface
-Fingertips
-Dorsal Surface
-Base of the fingers
Dorsal Surface
What type of therapeutic communication technique are you using when you show clients that they have your undivided attention?
Active Listening
What type of therapeutic communication technique are you using when you ask clients to tell their story in their own way?
Open-ended questions
When you probe a patient about more specific details or direct them toward relevant parts of their patient history what therapeutic communication technique are you using? Example: How long have you been experiencing the chest pain you mentioned?
Clarifying
Asking yes or no questions to clarify information is what type of therapeutic communication? Example: Do you have any pain when you cannot sleep?
close-end questions
What therapeutic communication technique is being used when you use active listening phrases like “go on” and “tell me more”?
Back channeling
A nurse is caring for a client who has a fractured femur and a blood pressure of 140/94 mm Hg. Which of the actions should the nurse take first?
A. Request a prescription for an antihypertensive medication
B. Ask the client if they are having pain
C. Instruct the client about a low-sodium diet
D. Return in 30 minutes to recheck the client’s blood pressure
B - when taking actions using the nursing process, the first action that the nurse should take is to ask the client if they are experiencing pain. Pain can cause an elevated BP.
What does PERRLA stand for?
Pupils equal round reactive to light accommodation
What test would you use to assess color vision?
Ishihara test
A nurse is preparing to inspect the ears, nose, mouth and throat of a client. Which of the following equipment does the nurse need?
A. Ophthalmoscope
B. Tongue blade
C. Penlight
D. Gauze square
E. Stethoscope
B, C, D
(According to ATI answer the gauze pad is used to grasp the tongue during exam)
In what order do you auscultate the abdomen?
RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ
Close of the mitral and tricuspid valves signals the beginning of ventricular systole (contraction) and produces the _____ sound. Close of the aortic and pulmonic valves signals the beginning of ventricular diastole (relaxation) and produces the _____ sound.
S1, S2 also known as lub dub
A nurse is auscultating a client’s lungs. Which of the following findings are expected? (Select all that apply)
A. High pitched musical sounds
B. Expiration is longer than inspiration over the trachea upon auscultation
C. Soft, breezy, low-pitched sounds
D. Medium pitching blowing sounds
B, C, D are correct
A is incorrect - high pitched musical sounds would indicate wheezing.
This describes the phenomenon where the concentration of a drug is significantly reduced before it reaches systemic circulation, primarily due to metabolism in the liver.
first pass effect
What organ is primarily responsible for the first pass effect?
Liver
These are snoring or rumbling sounds that occur when there is blocked or turbulent airflow in the larger airways, often due to mucus or obstruction. What is th noise called?
rhonchi
Rhonchi usually occurs when the airflow is obstructed by ______.
mucous
The time it takes for color to return to a nail bed after pressure is applied is referred to as?
capillary refill
What is normal capillary refill time.
2 seconds
Which right is this? A nurse might check a patient’s wristband and ask for their date of birth to ensure they have the correct individual.
Right client
A nurse in a provider’s office is preparing to auscultate and percuss a client’s thorax as part of a comprehensive physical examination. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (select all that apply)
A. Rhonchi
B. Crackles
C. Resonance
D. Tactile fremitus
E. Bronchovesicular sounds
C and E
Loss of color in light skin tones and grayish color in dark skin tones is referred to as?
Pallor
Bluish color to overall skin color in light skin tones and bluish color of palms and soles for darker skin tones is referred to as?
Cyanosis
A yellow to orange color; skin, sclera, mucous membranes, changes best detected in the sclera for light skin tones and oral mucous membranes or hard palate for darker skin tones. What is this?
Jaundice
Redness of the skin is referred to as?
erythema
Which are expected integumentary changes with aging? (select all that apply)
A. Skin thin and translucent, dry, tears easily
B. Slow wound healing
C. Slow growth and thickening of nails
D. Thinning of hair, hair loss on the scalp and pubic area
A, B, C, D (all are correct)
A nurse is performing an integumentary assessment for a group of clients. Which of the following findings is the nurse’s priority?
A. Pallor
B. Jaundice
C. Cyanosis
D. Erythema
C - Using the ABC approach, cyanosis is a manifestation of hypoxia and can indicate impaired oxygenation.
A manner or style of walking is referred to as a patients _____.
Gait
If a patient is oriented x4, what are they oriented to?
person, time, place, event
Self talk is what kind of therapeutic communication?
intrapersonal communication
Communication between two people is what kind of communication?
Interpersonal communication
A nurse is providing a client with a complete bed bath. When providing the care, the nurse must recognize the order in which areas of the body will be bathed. Place the options in the correct order.
A. Trunk
B. Feet
C. Face
D. Legs
C, A, D, B
Where would you place a sublingual medication?
Under the tongue
Where would you place a buccal medication?
against the mucous membranes of the cheek
According to Erikson, which behavior demonstrates an important psychosocial task for a toddler to exhibit?
1. Acting defiantly by refusing to hold a parent’s hand while crossing the street
2. Recognizing that it is wrong to take a toy away from someone else
3. Displaying an ability to understand the concept of time in hours
4. Expressing to parents and playmates when they dislike something
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for a time-release medication. What instructions should the nurse include?
The med should be swallowed whole, do not break or crush because they are intended to have a slow release. If they are chewed or crushed the medication will release all at once, placing the patient at risk for toxicity.
A nurse is preparing to inject heparin subQ for a client who is postoperative. Which action should the nurse take?
A. Use a 22 gauge needle
B. Select a site on the client’s abdomen
C. Use the z-track method
D. Observe for bleb formation to confirm proper placement.
B
Match each letter to a number.
A. Intradermal
B. SubQ
C. IM
1. Use a 45 degree angle
2. Can inject up to 3mL
3. Observe for a small bleb
A-3, B-1, C-2
Which medication right is it to administer medication to maintain consistent therapeutic blood levels?
Right time
At what age does an infant no longer have a grasp reflex, keeps hands loosely open?
3 months
At what age can an infant hold their bottle?
6 months
At what age does an infant place objects into a container and have neat pincer grasp?
11 months
At what age does an infant start cruising or walking while holding onto something?
11 months
At what age can an infant sit unsupported?
8 months
A nurse is reviewing motor development with the parents of an infant. Identify the order in which these motor skills are expected to occur.
A. Pulls self up into standing position
B. Rolls from stomach to back
C. Walks holding someone’s hand
D. Lifts head off mattress
E. Sits without support
D, B, E, A, C
A nurse is conducting screening assessments for infants. Sort the findings by whether the nurse expects to observe them in infants under 6 months old or infants 6-12 months…
A. development of object permanence
B. Closure of posterior fontanel
C. Presence of grasping reflex
D. Sits without support
E. Birth weight doubles
newborn to 6 months - B, C, E
6-12 months - A, D
What stage of Erickson’s is a toddler in? Age 1-3
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
True or False - Toddlers have temper tantrums when they are frustrated with restrictions on independence.
True
At what age would a toddler walk without help and assume standing position?
15 months
Match the age of a toddler with the expected motor skill.
A. 15 months
B. 2 years
C. 2.5 years
1. walks up and down stairs
2. stands on one foot
3. builds a tower with two blocks
A-3, B-1, C-2
Erickson’s initiative vs guilt is what age group?
Preschoolers (3-6 years)
When children are unable to accomplish a task, they can feel guilty and believe they have misbehaved. Which stage of Erickson’s is this?
Initiative vs Guilt
What age group experiences Industry vs. Inferiority?
School-age children (6-12)
In what stage of Erickon’s do humans feel ridicule by peers, stress becomes increasingly common due to expectations, environment and observed violence, and tasks that increase self-worth motivate them?
Industry vs Inferiority (School aged children 6-12)
A school nurse is preparing a presentation about physical, cognitive and psychosocial development for families of school-age children. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse include? (select all that apply)
A. onset of separation anxiety
B. Peer influence is minimal
C. Uncoordinated fine motor control
D. Good understanding of time and routine
E. Fully developed vision and hearing
D and E
What ages group is considered adolescents?
12-20
What age is Identity vs Role Confusion?
Adolescents 12-20 years old
