Chapter 20 Flashcards
What does CBC stand for?
Complete Blood Count
What are the 5 types of WBCs?
Basophil, Eosinophil, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Lympocyte
What are the three most important things we need to pay attention to for RBCs according to Dr. Evans?
Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Platlets
What is the typical number of WBCs?
5-10K
What is the typical number of RBCs?
4.5-5.5 Million
WBC count well under 5,000 is a sign that the patient has?
A weakened immune system
WBC count well above 10,000 is a sign of?
Infection
What is a WBC count under 5,000 referred to as?
Leukopnea
What is a WBC count over 10,000 referred to as?
Leukocytosis
What do RBCs do?
Transport oxygen through the body and CO2 out of the body
RBC count under 4.5 million is referred to as?
anemia
RBC count over 5.5 million is referred to as?
polycythemia
The protein that helps carry oxygen in RBCs is called?
Hemoglobin
RBCs compared to total blood volume is referred to as?
Hematocrit
What is the average hemoglobin in a male?
14-18g/dL
What is the average hemoglobin in a female?
12-16g/dL
What is the normal hematocrit level in a male?
42-52%
What is the normal hematocrit level in a female?
37-47%
Platelets contribute to the _____ of blood
clotting
A low platelet count is referred to as ____ and puts patients at a risk of bleeding out.
thrombocytopenia
A high platelet count is referred to as ______ and puts the patient at a risk of clots
thrombocytosis
The normal range of platelets is?
150-450,000
A patient has redness around the site of an IV. Would this be an example of local or systemic?
Local
The body develops antibodies to infection by being exposed to them at school or daycare. This is which kind of immunity?
Active
A parent takes their child for their regular immunizations. This is which kind of immunity?
Passive
You had chicken pox when you were four and now you have developed what kind of immunity towards it?
specific
A newborn is breastfed by their mother and antibodies pass from the milk to the baby. What immunity is this?
Passive
Covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze is referred to as ______ ______
Respiratory hygiene
Procedures that decrease potential for spread of infection in a clinical environment is referred to as?
Medical asepsis
Classify the duration: A common cold that comes and goes in the course of 2 weeks.
Acute
Classify the duration: An infection that presents itself slowly and can last for weeks, months or even years.
Chronic
Classify the duration: HIV that has been present in the body for years but suddenly the pt shows S&S
Latent
What are the 6 links in the chain of infection?
- Pathogens
- Reservoir
- Portal of Exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of Entry
- Susceptible Host
What is the source of infection where pathogens can live and multiply?
Reservoir
In human or animal reservoirs the most frequent _______________ is via bodily fluids.
Portal of Exit
Direct contact, indirect contact, droplet, airborne and vector are all examples of?
Mode of transmission
Normal body openings create _________ for pathogens to enter the body.
portals of entry
A person who is at risk of infection because of inadequate defense is referred to as a _______
Susceptible host
A patient comes into urgent care with an ear ache and is diagnosed with an ear infection. After taking the prescribed antibiotics they develop a UTI. What would the UTI be referred to as?
Secondary infection
A frail client infected with pneumonia may develop shingles (herpes zoster, a viral infection related to past infection with varicella) related to the stress of illness. This would be an example of?
Secondary infection
List the order in which you would put on PPE
Gown, mask, face shield, gloves
List the order in which you would remove PPE?
Gloves, gown, face shield, mask
After removing PPE what should you do next?
Wash your hands
What is promoted by a clean environment, clean hands and following CDC guidelines?
Medical asepsis
