Chapters 25 & 26 - Urination & Elimination Flashcards
The absence of urine is ____
Anuria
Painful or difficult urination is _____
dysuria
Involuntary loss of urine is ______
enuresis
What is frequency when referring to urination?
The need to urinate at short intervals
Blood in urine is _______
hematuria
To start a stream of urine is _____
Micturation
Frequent urination after going to bed is ______
Nocturia
Urine output of less than 400 mL in 24 hours is called _____
oliguria
Excessive urination is ______
polyuria
Pus in the urine is ______
pyuria
A sudden, almost uncontrollable need to urinate is _____
Urgency
What is voiding?
The act of urination or micturition
What is the normal amount of urinary output in 24 hours?
1,500 mL per day
What is COCA?
Color, odor, clarity, amount
These medications can be toxic to kidneys over a long term or at a high dose.
Nephrotoxic medications
What two things are usually the biggest signs of a possible UTI?
Urgency and frequency
The average urine output is 50-60mL but minimum should be ____
30 mL per hour
What is BUN?
Blood urea nitrogen
If BUN is slightly high and creatinine is normal it is a good indication of what?
Dehydration
What is strict I&Os
Measuring exactly how much goes in and out.
What nursing interventions can be used in promoting urinary elimination?
Providing privacy, assisting with positioning, facilitate toileting routines, promote adequate fluid and nutrition, assisting with hygiene
BM
bowel movement
Solid or semi-solid remains of food not digested by small intestine, broken down by bacteria in the large intestine
feces
Discharge of feces is _____
defecation
Black tar-liked stool
melena
Rectal bleeding - passage of fresh blood from anus is ______
Hematochezia
Decrease in BM frequency, hard stool, uncomfortable
constipation
Unable to have a BM, stool is stuck and sometimes has to be removed by a doctor
Impaction
Lack of control of a bowel movement
Incontinence
Passing of gas through the rectum is ____
Flatulence
What is an ileus (aka paralitic ileus or functional ileus)?
Blockage - Decrease or stoppage of the flow of intestinal contents
In what order to you auscultate and palpate the abdomen?
RLQ, RUQ, LUQ, LLQ
Which one comes first when examining an abdomen? Auscultation or palpation
Auscultate
What are common types of bowel problems?
constipation, diarrhea, GI motility issues (blockage), GI bleeding, incontinence
What is percieved constipation?
When a patient self diagnosis as constipated and often uses aids to help defecate (laxatives, enemas, etc)
What is NPO?
Nothing by mouth
If orders are for ‘advance diet as tolerated’ and the patient regresses after moving from clear liquids to BRAT diet, what would you do?
Go back to clear liquid diet
