Exam 2 Review Flashcards
This tranquilizer should be avoided in breeding stallions.
acepromazine
________________ is the amplification or suppression of pain impulses by neurons in the
modulation
_____________________ involves the use of a combination of an opioid drug with a tranquilizer
neuroleptanalgesia
_______________ is a CNS stimulant that works at the medulla of the brainstem to increase
doxapram
Ketamine is classified as a ____________ controlled substance.
C-III
μ-mediated opioid analgesia primarily works by:
decreasing release of excitatory neurotransmitters and dampening excitation of post-synaptic sites
Gas anesthetic agents:
produce anesthesia in a manner that is poorly understood
are administered via the lungs
do not produce metabolites potentially toxic to the kidney
(all of these)
_______________ was the first alpha 2-agonist drug used in veterinary medicine, and remains
Xylazine
Opioids and opiates are exactly the same substances
False
The use of which NMDA receptor antagonist(s) is thought to prevent spinal cord wind-up?
Tilemaine
Drugs that reduce the perception of pain without significant loss of other sensations are called ________________.
analgesics
The tranquilizer drug __________ produces its effect by enhancing GABA activity.
Diazepam
Historically, _____________ are drugs that were used to induce anesthesia or provide primary
barbituates
The reversal drugs for ___________ are yohimbine and tolazoline
Xylazine
Propofol
inhibits the NMDA receptor
(all of these)
is an injectable anesthetic agent
directly stimulates the GABA-A receptor
__________________ is a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid that is labeled for use as an antitussive in small animals.
butorphanol
__________ is an example of a dissociative anesthetic drug.
ketamine
One effect of medetomidine administration is brachycardia
True
Tranquilizers and sedative produce a relaxed state via the same mechanism of action.
False
Gas anesthetics do not provide analgesia
True
________is the prototypical opioid drug against which all other opioids tend to be measured
Morphine
The 4 steps of the pain pathway (in order) are
Transduction, transmission, modulation,perception
First-degree AV block
is a result of slowed rate of depolarization wave conduction through AV node
appears as a prolonged PR interval on ECG
(all of these)
occurs with the use of Class II antiarrhythmic drugs
The 4 types of adrenergic receptors with the greatest adrenergic drug roles are:
α1, β1, α2, β2
The ____________ nervous system is referred to as the “fight or flight” system.
sympathetic
ACE inhibitors
prevent angiotensin II and aldosterone formation
The heart consists of a __________-pump system.
2
Heart valves allow blood flow in a single direction.
True
____________ is a loop diuretic used to promote water loss in patients with CHF.
furosemide
___________ is a potassium-sparing diuretic
spironolactone
Cats with cardiac disease are at decreased risk for thrombotic events, such as saddle thrombus.
False
Long term use of β blockers results in down regulation of the β1 receptors on cell surface.
False
The _______recieves oxygen rich blood from the lungs.
Pulmonary veins
The ventricular contraction is recorded as the T wave on the ECG
False
ACE inhibitors
Prevent angiotensin 11 and aldosterone formation
Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker is used to treat atrial fibrillation
True
The pacemaker of the heart
Is located in the right atrium
________reduces pulmonary edema formation and is available as a topical cream.
Nitroglycerin
Any abnormal electrical activity in the heart is called an________.
Arrhythmia
Cardiac cell depolarization
Occurs when calcium channels open
_____________ therapy is indicated in animals that are transiently hypoxic.
Oxygen
Mucolytic agents
decrease mucus viscosity
Horses with recurrent airway obstruction may be treated with aerosolized ____________
corticosteroids
Nonproductive coughing
occurs during the late stages of infection or inflammation
Antimicrobial use in food animals
none of these?
Bronchoconstriction mechanisms include all of the following except
stimulation of bronchiolar β2 receptors
This class of bronchodilators includes theophylline and aminophylline
Methylxanthines
Corticosteroids are contraindicated for use in the treatment of feline asthma syndrome.
False
The cough center is a cluster of neurons located in the cerebellum of the brain.
False
Centrally acting antitussives
suppress cough center neurons
Albuterol is a bronchodilator administered via inhalation using_______
Metered dose inhalers
Chronic use of rescue inhalers leads to Beta receptor upregulation
false
Horses with recurrent airway obstruction may be treated with aerosolized __________as part of
Corticosteroids
Locally acting antitussives are commonly utilized in veterinary medicine
False
Decongestants
are not typically used in veterinary medicine
The opioid antidiarrheal drugs.
All of these
The antiulcer drug_______acts as a “gastric Band-aid”.
Sucralfate
The syndrome occurs when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient amounts of several digestive enzymes
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
This type of contraction propels food along the GI tract.
Peristaltic
Digestion is a conscious process controlled by the autonomic nervous system.
False
Maripotant is an NK-1 agonist that has always been labeled for injection in dogs and cats in the US.
False
Apomorphine is an emetic drug used to induce vomiting in dogs, cats, and rabbits
False
________are drug molecules that cause other molecules to adhere to their outer surfaces and decrease the likelihood of those compounds being absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract.
Adsorbents
Secretory diarrhea is caused by _________ produced by intestinal bacteria.
Enterotoxins
Metoclopramide is considered a ____________ drug.
Prokinetic
A dog presents on emergency after ingesting an entire pan of double chocolate brownies approximately 30-45 minutes ago. You should inform the client of the cost of treatment, obtain consent, and induce vomiting.
True
H+ is actively secreted into the gastric lumen by the
parietal cell
Sulfasalazine is an antibiotic chemically linked to a salicylate molecule, which is the component that acts as an antidiarrheal drug.
True
H2 blockers
all of these
Induction of emesis via 3% hydrogen peroxide
should be limited to 1.1-2.2 mL/kg (limit 45mL)
_____________ can have neurologic side effects and is prohibited from use in food animals.
metronidazole
