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Pharmacology > Chapter 7 PPT > Flashcards

Chapter 7 PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine System

A

negative feedback system

thyroid gland
gonads
pancreas
adrenal glands

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2
Q

thyroid

A

regulate cell metabolic function
basal metabolic rate

hypothalamus( T3, T4)-TRH
pituitary gland (T3, T4)-TSH
thyroid gland (makes T3, T4)
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3
Q

Primary Hypothyroidism

A

thyroid

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4
Q

Secondary hypothyroidism

A

pituitary

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5
Q

Tertiary hypothyroidism

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

Goiter

A

iodine rich diet

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7
Q

Hypothyroidism

clinical signs

A

lethargy, weight gain, alopecia, dry/scaly skin, bradycardia, heat seeking behavior, decreased estrous cycle, decrease growth young animals

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8
Q

Hypothyroidism

treatment

A

Synthetic T4-Levothyroxine
monitor T4 blood levels
return to euthyroid state will alter animal’s physiology (cats, kidneys)

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9
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

excessive thyroid hormone production

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10
Q

Hyperthyroidism

clinical signs

A

increased activity, increased GI motility-diarrhea, weight loss despite polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, tachycardia and hypertension, heat intolerance

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11
Q

Hyperthyroidism treatments

A

surgical removal of tumor
radioactive iodine
Methimazole/carbimazole
iodine-limited diets

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12
Q

Endocrine pancreas

hormones

A

insulin
glucagon
somatostatin

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13
Q

Glucose function

A

normal function: move glucose from blood into tissue cells

lack of insulin=diabetes mellitus
hyperglycemia
glucosuria

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14
Q

Type 1

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
destruction or lack of function of pancreatic beta cells
typically occurs in dogs

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15
Q

Type 2

A

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
decreased effectiveness of insulin despite functional cells
typically occurs in cats

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16
Q

Insulin

A 
protein molecule
via injection
measured in units per ML
syringe calculated in units
suspension-needs to resuspended before each withdrawal
store at constant temperature
17
Q

Vetsulin

A

porcine insulin zink suspension

18
Q

recombinant human insulin

A 
regular crystalline insulin
NPH-neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin
PZI-protamine zinc insulin
Insulin glargine
Insulin detemir
19
Q

Drugs that alter insulin requirements

A 
corticosteroids!
thiazide diuretics
phenothiazine tranquilizers
progesterone
epinephrine
20
Q

Oral hypoglycemic agents

A

Glipizide
human product
infective-bad side effects-not recommended!

21
Q

Estrous cycle: follicular phase

A

proestrus

estrus

22
Q

Estrous cycle: luteal phase

A

diestrus/metestrus

anestrus

23
Q

Reproductive Drugs

Gonadorelins

A

GnRH
stimulate relase of LH and FSH
approved short term use in cattle

24
Q

Cystorelin

OvaCyst

A

lysis of persistent ovarian follicles or follicular cysts

25
Q

Ovsynch

Co-Synch

A

timed artificial insemination protocols

bring entire group of cattle into estrus at same time

26
Q

Gonadotropins:

hcG (human chorionic)

eCG(equine chorionic)

A

FSH and LH like
produce effects on gonads/ovaries/testicles
can be used in food animals induce superovulation
(less frequent usage these days)

27
Q

Progestagens:

Altrenogest/Regu-Mate

Melegesterol acetate (MGA)

Controlled Internal Drug Relase (CIDR) apparatus

A

synthetic drug
used at different phases to prevent or time estrus

antagonistic effect on insulin receptor

increase risk for metritis or pyometra

absorbed through skin

28
Q

Estrogen:

Estriol (Incurin)

A

urinary incontinence treatment

spayed dogs

29
Q

Estrogen:

DES (diethylstilbestrol)

A

compounded
banned in food animals
human carcinogen

30
Q

Estrogen: side effects

A

predispose to pyometra

aplastic anemia

31
Q

Prostaglandins:

Lutalyse
ProstaMate
Estrumate

A 
abortion in pregnant animals
bronchoconstriction-heaves with horses
vomiting-dogs and cats
colic and sweating-horses
absorbed through skin
32
Q

Prevent Pregnancy

A

Megestrol acetate

Mibolerone (testosterone analog)

33
Q

Terminate Pregnanacy

A

prostaglandins most effective

PgF

34
Q

Oxytocine

A

uterine contractions for dystocia
milk letdown
expulsion of placental materials

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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