Exam 2: Reproductive disease Flashcards
Trauma to reproductive tract can be caused by?
- AI
- Hoof of the calf
Injuries due from natural service
Damage to the hips –> Mismatch between size of cow/heifer and bull
Dystocia
Anatomical/pathological defects
* Fractured pelvis
Heifer dam too small
* Inadequate nutrition
* Bred too young
Failure to dilate cervix: Heifers
Milk fever (hypocalcemia): low Ca –> uterine inertia
Uterine torsion
- Suspect when Stage 1 appears prolonged
- Must correct torsion before calf delivered
- Roll (plank in flank), correct by hand, detorsion rod
Cow appears to be in discomfort, ready to give birth, and the stops appears like any other cow not ready to give birth –> she then begins to smell.
What causes uterine rupture?
Due to prolonged dystocia, torsion, poor manipulation, etc.
Prolapsed uterus
Cause
* Related to dystocia
Management
* Clean, replace
* NSAIDs
* Antibiotics
Sequelae
* Future reproductive performance
Avoided by:
* Good management
* Clean area
* Good reproduction procedure
Vaginal lesions
- Trauma
- Infection: IBR
- Sequelae: Clostridium
Calving paralysis
L6 Spinal Root (Lumbar 6)
* Exits vertebral canal caudal to L6 (at lumbosacral jct.)
* Courses ventral to sacral plate
* Forms major component of obturator (allows you to stand up and not spread legs) and sciatic nerves (butt down leg)
* Fetlock knuckling common with calving peresis
Cow unable to get up due to compression of L6 root
Prevention of calving paralysis
- Prevent dystocia
- Manage dystocia well
- Treat potential cows with a large dose of steroids and antibiotics
Don’t leave a cow on one side for prolonged periods of time.
Treatment for downer cows
Shelter
Access to water and food
Bedding
* Traction and padding
* Cooling in warmer months
* Inert
* Easily obtained
* Non-abrasive
Retained placenta
Causes
* Dystocia, hypocalcemia
Management
* Antibiotics
* NSAIDs
Possible Sequelae
* Uterine infection, delayed breeding
Pyometra
Cause
* Interuption in signaling
* PGF2(a)
Signs
* Enlarged uterus
* Not cycling, but not acting sick
Treatment
* Hormonal
What causes abortion?
- Infectious agents
- Brucella
- Heophilus
- Leptospira
- Listeria
- BVDV
- IBR (BHV-1)
- Fungi
- Trichomonas
- Campylobacter
- Septicemia
- Genetic abnormalities
- Heat stress
- Toxins: Nitrates, aflatoxin, mycotoxin
Mastitis
Infection of the mammary gland
* Most infections are due to bacterial infection
Mastitis
Clinical vs Sub-Clinical
Sub-Clinical
* Bacterial infection, but normal looking milk and normal looking cow
Clinical
* Mild - Only abnormal milk
* Moderate - Abnormal milk, swollen and firm gland
* Severe - Abnormal milk and gland, systemic signs: Fever, increased heart rate, weakness, shock
