Exam 1: Anatomy

Question 1

What is the proper placement of an animal?

Answer 1

Animal placed on left side
* Provides better access to abdominal organs
* Removes issue of puncturing 4 compartments of stomach accidentally

Question 2

What are abdominal organs?

Answer 2

• Reticulum
• Rumen
• Omasum
• Abomasum
• Liver
• Gallbladder
• Small and large intestine

Question 3

What does the reticulum look like?

What disease is found here?

Answer 3

Honeycomb texture

Hardware disease

Question 4

Describe the rumen

Answer 4

• Biggest compartment of the stomach
• Site of fementation
• Contains papillae for absoption of volatile fatty acids
• Has a “shaggy” rug appearance

Question 5

Describe the omasum

Answer 5

• “Butcher’s bible”
• Folded, book page appearance
• Site of water absorption

Question 6

Describe the abomasum

Answer 6

• The “true stomach” of ruminants
• Most acidic region
• Break down of food

Question 7

What is the purpose of the liver?

Answer 7

• Food processor
• Stores energy
• Produces bile

Question 8

What is stored in the gallbladder?

Answer 8

Bile

Question 9

What are the parts of the small intestine and what is absorbed there?

Answer 9

3 Parts:
* Duodenum
* Jejunum : Largest section of the small intestine
* Ileum: Attached to the cecum
* Nutrient absoption

Question 10

What are the parts of the large intestine and what is absorbed there?

Answer 10

• 4 Parts Ascending, Transvers, Spiral, Descending
• Water absorption

Don’t really see disease here, more common in the small intestine

Question 11

What is the purpose of the mesentery and what does it contain?

Answer 11

• Suspends intestines from the body wall
• Contains neurovascular bundles and lymph nodes

Question 12

What does the pluck consist of?

Answer 12

• Esophagus
• Trachea
• Lungs
• Heart

Question 13

What are hyoid bones?

Answer 13

• U-shaped bone that supports the tongue and larynx
• Hold the tongue and larynx in the skull

Question 14

Describe the trachea

Answer 14

• Cartilaginous Rings (C’s)
• Brings oxygen to the lungs
• Branches into bronchioles in the lungs

Question 15

What is the thickness ratio of the heart?

Answer 15

Left (Oxygenated) to Right (Deoxygenated)
1:3

• Right brings blood from the body
• Left brings blood to the body (left side is thicker)

Question 16

What is the Caudal Vena Cava?

Answer 16

Large vein that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body

Question 17

What is the aorta?

Answer 17

Large artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body

Question 18

What organs are in the urogenital?

Answer 18

• Urinary Bladder
• Uterus
• Mammary Glands

Question 19

Describe the urinary bladder

Answer 19

• Smooth muscle organ
• Ureters feed into bladder from kidneys
• Empties into urethra

Kidneys and urinary bladder are connected
* If there is a problem in one, there is likely a problem in the other

Question 20

Describe the Uterus

Answer 20

• Smooth muscle organ
• Site of implantation of embryo
• Site of fetal development

Question 21

Describe the mammary glands

Answer 21

• Site of milk production
• Comprised of: Alveoli, Udder (4 quarter), Teats

Normal appearance: pink, light, relatively clean

Question 22

Describe the kidneys

Answer 22

• Located retroperitoneal (behind the peritoneum)
• Site of filtration
• Unique lobes
• Contains medulla and cortex when transected

Medulla: Inner (reddish) section
Cortex: Outer (dark reddish-brown) section

Question 23

Describe lymph nodes

Answer 23

• Part of the Lymphatic system
• Located throughout the body
• Act as filters

Question 24

Describe the diaphram

Answer 24

• Thin skeletal muscle
• Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
• Helps with respiration: Forms a vacuum creating negative pressure
• Numerous structures pass through it