Exam 1: Zoonotic Diseases

Question 1

What diseases are transmitted through aerosol transmission?

Answer 1

• Anthrax
• Q fever
• Listeriosis
• Tuberculosis (through droplets)

Question 2

What diseases are transmitted through direct contact?

Answer 2

• Anthrax
• Brucellosis
• Leptospirosis
• Q Fever
• Rabies
• Salmonella
• Tuberculosis
• Vesicular stomatitis

Question 3

What diseases are transmitted through fomite transmission?

Answer 3

• Dermatophilosis
• Pseudocowpox
• Ringworm
• E. coli
• Leptospirosis

Question 4

What diseases are transmitted through oral transmission?

Answer 4

• Anthrax
• Brucellosis
• Cryptosporidiosis
• Giardia
• Listeriosis
• Q Fever
• Tuberculosis

Question 5

What diseases are transmitted through vectors?

Answer 5

• Anthrax (Flies)
• Q Fever (Ticks)
• West Nile (Mosquitoes)

Question 6

How is Anthrax transmitted?

Answer 6

• Aerosol, Direct, Oral, Vectors (flies)
• Contracted from a bacteria (Bacillus anthracis)

Question 7

How is Q Fever transmitted?

Answer 7

• Aerosol, Direct, Oral, Vector (ticks)
• Contracted from a bacteria (Coxiella burnetii)

Inhalation is the primary way this disease is contracted

Question 8

How is Listeriosis transmitted?

Answer 8

• Aerosol and Oral
• Contracted from a bacteria (Listeriosis mnocytogenes)

Question 9

How is Tuberculosis transmitted?

Answer 9

• Aerosol, Direct, Oral
• Contracted from a bacteria (Mycobacterium bovis)

Question 10

How is Brucellosis transmitted?

Answer 10

• Aerosol, Direct, Oral
• Contracted from a bacteria (Brucella abortus)

Question 11

How is Leptospirosis transmitted?

Answer 11

• Aerosol, Direct, Oral
• Contracted from a bacteria (Leptospira)

Question 12

How is rabies tranmitted?

Answer 12

• Direct
• Contracted from a virus

Question 13

How is Salmonella transmitted?

Answer 13

• Direct and Oral
• Contracted from a bacteria (Salmonella)

Question 14

How is Vesicular Stomatitis transmitted?

Answer 14

• Direct
• Contracted from a virus

Question 15

How is Dermatophilosis transmitted?

Answer 15

• Direct and Fomite
• Contracted from a bacteria (Dermatophilus congolensis)

Question 16

How is pseudocowpox transmitted?

Answer 16

• Direct and Fomite
• Contracted from a virus

Question 17

How is Ringworm transmitted?

Answer 17

• Direct and Fomite
• Contracted from fungus (dermatophyte)

Question 18

How is E. coli transmitted?

Answer 18

• Oral
• Contracted from a bacteria (Escherichia coli)

Question 19

How is Cryptosporidiosis transmitted?

Answer 19

• Aerosol and Oral
• Contracted from a protozoa (Cryptosporidium parvum)

Question 20

How is Giardia (Giardiasis) transmitted?

Answer 20

• Oral
• Contracted from a protozoa (Giardia intestinalis)

Question 21

What does Anthrax look like in people?

Answer 21

Presence of skin lesions

Question 22

What does Brucellosis look like in people?

Answer 22

Headache, weakness, joint pain (can’t move), depression, weight loss, fatigue (fine one day, stuck in bed for a week), liver problems (destroys the liver).

Lasts forever

Question 23

What does Brucellosis look like in cattle?

Answer 23

Third trimester abortions, birth of dead/weak calves, retained placenta, low milk yield, temporary sterility

Question 24

What does Cryptosporidiosis look like in cattle?

Answer 24

• Scours in calves (less than 3 weeks old)
• Late spring/ early fall

Question 25

What does Cryptosporidiosis look like in people?

Answer 25

Profuse & watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, usually self-limiting, severe in people with weak immune systems (old, young, immnocompromised)

Question 26

What does Dermatophilosis look like in cattle?

Answer 26

* Break-down of skin Seen in animals with prolonged exposure to wet environments * Scabs, crust | Known as paintbrush disease

Question 27

What does Dermatophilosis look like in people?

Answer 27

* Pustules on hands, arms * Sores, ulcers * Scars can form

Question 28

What does E. coli look like in cattle | 0157:H7

Answer 28

No signs of illness | Bacteria shed in feces

Question 29

What does E. coli look like in people?

Answer 29

* Bloody diarrhea, severe abdominal pain * Attacks/destoys the kineys --> kidne failure

Question 30

What does Giardiasis look like in cattle?

Answer 30

* Adults: Usually don't show signs of illness * Calves: Scours > 4 weeks

Question 31

What does Giadiasis look like in people?

Answer 31

* May not be sick * Diarrhea, intestinal gas, stomach cramps, nausea * Usually self-limiting

Question 32

What does Leptospirosis look like in cattle?

Answer 32

**Adult Cattle:** * Abortions * Decreased fertility * Decreased milk yield * Retained placenta * Jaundice **Calves:** * Fever * Refusal to eat * Reddened eyes * Diarrhea * Jaundice * Death

Question 33

What does Leptospirosis look like in people?

Answer 33

* Flu-like signs: Fever, body aches, headache * Weakness, vomiting, mental confusion * Jaundice, stiff neck * Live, kidney or central nervous system damage

Question 34

What does Listeriosis look like in cattle?

Answer 34

* Facial paralysis, drooling * Lack of coordination * Circling, head pressing * Abortions, stillbirths * Death

Question 35

What does Listeriosis look like in people

Answer 35

**Pregnant women:** * Death of the fetus **Newborns, elderly, weak immun system:** * Infection of the blood stream * brain inflammation

Question 36

What does Pseudocowpox look like in cattle?

Answer 36

* Small, red, raised sores on teats/udder * Forms vesicles, scabs, nodules * Sore may form a "ring" or "horseshoe" ## Footnote * Spreads slowly, whole herd affected * Reinfection is common

Question 37

What does Pseudocowpox look like in people?

Answer 37

* "Milker's nodules" * Small, red, raised, flat-topped spots * Sores become firm nodules * Heals without scars

Question 38

What does Q Fever look like in cattle and sheep?

Answer 38

* Most do not show any signs * May cause abortions ## Footnote Sheep and cattle tend to be carriers

Question 39

What does Q Fever look like in people?

Answer 39

* Sudden onset: Flu-like, pneumonia, liver disease * Long-term: Heart complications, bone inflammation * Pregnant women: Premature delivery, death of the fetus

Question 40

What does Rabies look like in cattle?

Answer 40

* Unexplained paralysis * Anorexia * Nervous, irritable, hyperexcitable, unsteady * May be aggressive * Abnormal bellowing * Death within 7-10 days

Question 41

What does Rabies look like in people?

Answer 41

* Fever, headache * Itching at bite site * Confusion, abnormal behavior * Difficulty swallowing * Death within 2-10 days of signs

Question 42

What does ringworm look like in cattle?

Answer 42

* Areas of hair loss, scaling, crusts * "Ringworm" lesion * May or may not be itchy * Small area to whole body involvement

Question 43

What does Ringworm look like in people?

Answer 43

* "Ringworm" lesion * Itchy * Takes 1-2 weeks to appear

Question 44

What does Salmonellosis look like in cattle?

Answer 44

**Adult Cattle:** * Profuse diarrhea * Anorexia * Decreased milk production * Weight loss * Abortion **Calves:** * Scours * Joint infections * Gangrene of feet, tips of ears, tail

Question 45

What does Salmonellosis look like in people?

Answer 45

* Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea * Cramping, abdominal pain * Headache, fever, chills

Question 46

What does Tuberculosis look like in cattle

Answer 46

* Slow progressing disease * **Early stage:** Asymptomatic * **Late stage: ** Weight loss, anorexia, cough, difficulty breathing

Question 47

What does Tuberculosis look like in people?

Answer 47

* May not be sick initially * Disease of the lungs: Fever, cought, chest pain * Disease can spread: Kidney, spine and brain

Question 48

What does Vesicular Stomatitis look like in cattle?

Answer 48

* **Vesicles:** Oral, mammary gland, coronary band, interdigital region * Salivation, lameness ## Footnote Vesicles isolated to one area of body: mouth or feet

Question 49

What does Vesicular Stomatitis look like in people?

Answer 49

* Flu-like symptoms: Headache, fever, pain behind the eyes, malaise, nausea, limb and back pain, oral vesicles (rare)