Exam 2 Recap Flashcards
Vitamins are activated from their precursor form that is called:
provitamin
DRI is recommended based on??
- gender
- activity level
- weight
- height
gender
A highly chemically reactive atom or molecule that has at least one unpaired electron in its shell is called a:
free radical
DASH diets are designed to:
REDUCE sodium/hypertenstion
As a result of exercise training, hemoglobin may become:
- deformed
- more concentrated
- larger
- diluted
DILUTED: more blood cells, but not as much hemoglobin in ratio
Compounds that give rigidity to bones and teeth are composed of what 2 minerals?
PHOSPHORUS and CALCIUM
Which vitamin promotes growth and mineralization of bones while increasing calcium absorption?
Vitamin D
How can homocysteine increase risk of stroke and heart attack?
By damaging the internal layer of arterial walls
Which 3 compounds protect cells from damage by free radical attack?
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
beta-carotene
What is Calcium responsible for?
blood formation
tooth formation
blood clotting
nerve transmission
What are provitamins?
vitamins in inactive form
Iron deficiency can cause:
anemia
Vitamins play an important role in?
- fluid osmoality
- metabolic reactions
- temperature regulation
- diffusion
metabolic reactions!
The body’s 2 most abundant minerals are:
CALCIUM
PHOSPHORUS
How should you treat athletic amenorrhea? (4)
reduce training by 10-20%
increase intake gradually
increase body weight by 2%
increase daily calcium intake
What is THE most abundant mineral in the bodY?
Calcium (bones)
What turns an inactive enzyme into its active form?
co-enzyme
What vitamin do vegetarians not get naturally?
vitamin B12 (cheese)
(T/F) fat-soluble vitamins dissolve and are stored in the body fat tissue, so you don’t need to consume daily
true
(T/F) The Tolerable Upper Limit exceeds the RDA by 5x.
False, it varies by mineral
(T/F) Electrolytes play a role in nerve impulses
True!
What controls the regulation of temperature?
Hypothalamus
Heat loss by direct heat transfer through a liquid, solid or gas is ________.
conduction
symptoms of progressive dehydration:
decrease in plasma volume
diminished sweat rate
diminished peripheral blood
decreased blood flow to muscles
(T/F) The risk for dehydration decreases during vigorous, cold-weather exercise.
FALSE
Transfer of heat via air movement is _____.
convection
What mineral facilitates fluid replenishment when added to a sports beverage?
sodium
dehydration as little as __ % of body mass impairs physical work capacity.
2%
What is the most serious heat-related state?
heat stroke
Heat acclimatization ______.
- reduces blood flow to the skin
- increases sweating
- produces more concentrated sweat
- decreases sweating volume
INCREASES sweating capacity
What does adding sodium to a hydration beverage do?
sustains thirst
promotes fluid retention
restores plasma volume
how does sweat cool the body?
EVAPORATING fluid away from the skin
(T/F) ANY degree of dehydration can impair the exercise capacity
TRUE
which heat-related condition is most common?
heat exhaustion
HEME iron is found in ___ products.
meat
NON-heme irons is found in ____ products.
plant
