Exam 1 Recap Flashcards
Sucrose = __ + __
glucose + fructose
Lactose = __ + __
glucose + galactose
Maltose = __ + __
glucose + glucose
what does proteins contain that carbs and fats do not?
nitrogen
What is NOT true of saturated fat acids?
- have as many hydrogens as possible
- are considered a “bad” fat
- contain 2+ double bonds
- found mostly in animals
- Contain 2+ double bonds
which is rich in saturated fatty acids?
- butter
- corn oil
- coconut oil
butter and coconut oil
What are some benefits of fiber?
retains water
lowers cholesterol
scrapes cells of the gut lining
What is NEGATIVE nitrogen balance?
What is an example?
nitrogen output > nitrogen intake
- end of a marathon
you need to supplement with protein to optimize muscle hypertrophy (T/F)
FALSE
What stimulates the liver to produce glucose?
GLUCAGON
What is the preferred fuel for the CNS?
carbohydrates
What polysaccharide is stored in muscle?
glycogen
What contains a glycerol backbone?
triglyceride
What signals adipose cells to store fatty acids?
circulating glucose
What is held together with peptide bonds?
amino acids
How many calories / gram are in: CHO FATS PROTEINS ALCOHOL
CHO: 4
FATS: 9
PROTEINS: 4
ALCOHOL: 7
(T/F) Aerobic exercise increases HDL cholesterol, reducing the risk of heart disease
TRUE
HDL is the good cholesterol
Which does NOT result in the production of glucose? glycogenolysis glucogenesis gluconeogenesis beta-alanine cycle
glucogenisis
(T/F) Most athletes have high levels of HDL
True!
(T/F) Research shows that there is no need to consume more than 2 g/kg of protein
TRUE
List two things that can denature a protein
acid/base
heat
salt
alcohol
Primary function of CHO?
energy for exercise, CNS energy
Primary function of FATS?
highly concentrated energy
organ protection
warmth
Primary function of PROTEINS?
nitrogen
enzymes
