Ch. 13 & 14 Review Flashcards
Reasons to Assess Body Composition
base point for fitness goals
relates to health status
monitors changes during plan
BMI range for women
21.3 - 22.1
BMI range for men
21.9-22.4
Men essential body fat:
> 3%
Women body fat range:
12-20%
Direct Body Comp Assessment examples
dissection
dissolving body mass in solution to separate fat/lean mass
Indirect Body Comp Assessment
hydrostatic weighing
skinfold testing
BIA analysis
BOD POD
___ states have obesity <20%
4
most obesity is seen in ___ and ____
women & minorities
overweight:
body weight that exceeds average of age/height group
overfatness:
body fat exceeds and / gender average
obesity:
can cause death
deaths by obesity / year
280,000 - 325,000
health risks obesity can cause:
hypertension
asthma
GI disorders
high cholesterol
how much of obesity is genetics?
80%
Definition of an eating disorder:
eating behavior disturbances
Factors contributing to eating disorders:
genetics
triggers
environmenet
3 main eating disorders
anorexia
bulimia
binge-eating
Anorexia Symptoms
refuses to maintain weight <85% normal weight menstruation stops terrified of gaining weight depression, irritability
Bulimia symptoms
binge-eating/ feels out of control purges to rid of calories diets when not binging "needs" to be thin impulsive behaviors
Anorexia Athletica
obsessive exercising
fanatic about weight and calorie burn
focuses on challenge
Athletes at risk of eating disorders:
ballerinas figure skating running / swimming jockeys rowing
female athlete triad:
disordered eating –> amenorrhea –> osteoporosis
female/male eating disorder incidence:
90% female
10% male
Harmful effects of eating disorders:
softened bones anemia focus decreases heart rate decreases metabolism decreases
Problems with BMI
does not account for body composition
does not measure fat distribution
Risks for women in “low-weight region”:
delayed onset of menstruation
irregular cycle
cycle cessation
PCOS
polycystic ovary syndrome
symptoms of PCOS
irregular periods acne excess hair on face thinning hair accumulation of follicles on ovary
how PCOS works
energy as glucose is stored as fat
- -> unavailable for energy use
- -> fatigue / undernourishment
- -> leads to obesity even with normal food intake
Obesity can raise the risk for ___ & ___.
type 2 diabetes & cardiac disease
obesity in children has ____ in the past 15 years
2x +
3 equation imbalances to cause weight loss
reduce intake
maintain intake, increase exercise
reduce intake, increase exercise
3 ways to control eating:
delay
substitute behaviors/activities
avoid situations that are tempting
Behavior Modifications for Weight Loss:
slow progress
include dietary variety
become goal oriented
Problems with “3,500 kcal = 1 lb of Fat”
- same calorie loss has different change in everyone
- weight loss is fat at first, then tapers
- older = harder to lose weight
- larger body size = more weight loss with same cals
Men lose ___ weight than women.
MORE!
