EXAM 2: Reading Development Flashcards

1
Q

Reading

A

Basis for acquisition of knowledge
Learning to read becomes read to learn around 2nd-3rd grade

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2
Q

Reading gap

A

only 50% of students can read at grade level compared to 90% target

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3
Q

Things needed for reading

A

Knowing spoken language
knowing directions

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4
Q

Decoding

A

Being able to go from written form to speech
Can you sound it out?

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5
Q

Decodable words

A

Follows phonics rules
Rule applicable, can be sounded out and can figure out meaning
i.e. cat

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6
Q

Nondecodable words

A

Cannot figure out the meaning, unable to sound it out
Must memorize word to recognize
i.e. yacht

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7
Q

3 important things for reading

A

1.Decoding
2. Language comprehension (ability to understand spoken words)
3. Reading comprehension (ability to understand written text)

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8
Q

Alphabetic writing system

A

Symbols represent sound/phoneme
i.e. English

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9
Q

Syllabic writing system

A

Symbols represent syllables
i.e. Japanese

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10
Q

Morphophonetic writing system

A

Symbols represent morpheme (meaning and sound)
i.e. Chinese/Kanji

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11
Q

Shallow orthographics

A

Consistent relationship between grapheme and phoneme (symbol and sound)
Sound-symbol relationship regular
Easier to learn

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12
Q

Deep orthographics

A

Inconsistent relationship with grapheme and phoneme (symbol and sound)
Sound-symbol relationship irregular
i.e. yacht, aisle
Harder to learn

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13
Q

Erskine (2003)

A

If orthographic depth has impact on reading acquisition in alphabetic system
Result: Shallow: EASIER
Deep: HARDER

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14
Q

Phonological awareness

A

Children’s knowledge of internal sound structure of SPOKEN language, awareness of sound structure of language
Correlates with decoding and reading
Assessed with syllables and rhyme

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15
Q

Syllables

A

Onset, Vowel, Coda
onset: BEFORE vowel
vowel: NUCLEUS
coda: END of word

If coda is same, it rhymes

All syllables must have a vowel

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16
Q

Phonological awareness tasks

A

Phoneme isolation (recognizing individual sounds)
Phoneme identity (recognizing common sounds in different words)
Phoneme categorization (odd one out)
Phonemic blending (Combining separate sounds into a word)
Phoneme segmentation (Breaking word into sound by tapping it out)
Phoneme deletion (Deleting specific phoneme)

17
Q

Phonics

A

Grapheme (symbol) and phoneme (sound) relationship

18
Q

Phonics instruction

A

Method of teaching students to decode words to read
Easier to done with shallow orthographics

19
Q

Grapheme

A

Individual letter and letter combinations that represent a phoneme
Can be controversial if one grapheme represents multiple sounds

20
Q

Digraph

A

2 letter combination corresponding to 1 sound (CH)

21
Q

Dyslexia

A

Affects how brain processes WRITTEN language, doesn’t affect LANG COMP

21
Q

Hyperlexia

A

Advanced and unexpected reading skill beyond one’s age
Regular word rec, comparatively lower lang comp

22
Q

Sergers (2018)

A

Direct or indirect relationship between semantic ability and levels of phonological awareness impacts reading for children with dyslexia
Results:
Phonological ability related to semantic ability, greater semantics, better decoding

23
Q

Lefeure (2001)

A

Direct teaching vs. Joint book reading?

Early literacy experience support later literacy acquisition both by socializing literacy behaviors and teaching reading skills

Benefits of direct teaching are short term while benefits of joint reading are long term

24
Oral language and literacy development
Foundation of reading almost 5.2 year difference of reading level for different oral language development ORAL LANGUAGE CRUCIAL FOR READING DEVELOPMENT
25
Vocabulary and reading
More vocab, more reading helps with word decoding
26
Bathazar (2018)
Sentence: Rachel carson, who was a scientist, writer, and ecologist grew up in a rural town of springdale. Question: What do you know about carson? Answer: They grew up in the same town Doesn't know relative complex clause, impacts reading development
27
Child external factors
Race, ethnicity, SES
28
Lexical route/Direct access
Directly accessing meaning from print, top down processing unable to do this for unfamiliar/new words
29
Non-lexical route/phonological access
Access meaning by phonologically breaking down the word and sounding it out bottom up processing
30
Surface dyslexia
Phonologically reliant Cannot access lexical route Difficulty with irregularly spelled words Can read non words and regularly spelled words
31
Deep dyslexia
Lexically reliant Cannot access phonological route Usually accesses words via memory Cannot read non words
32
Phonological dyslexia
Deep dyslexia Also lexically dependent Trouble associating sound to symbol