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Language Development > EXAM 1: Phonological Development > Flashcards

EXAM 1: Phonological Development Flashcards

1
Q

Phonology

A

Scientific study of speech sound patterns

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2
Q

Suprasegmental Phonology

A

Prosody

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3
Q

Phonemes

A

Unique sounds that are contrastive/minimal pairs

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4
Q

Allophones

A

Variations of a phoneme, not contrastive in English

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5
Q

Consonants

A

Sounds with momentary interruption/obstruction of airflow

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6
Q

3 Main Classifications of Consonants:

A

Voice
Place of articulation
Manner of articulation

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7
Q

Vowels

A

Sounds with no obstruction to the airflow from lungs

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8
Q

4 Main Classifications of Vowels:

A

Tongue Height (mouth openness)
Position of Tongue
Tightness
Lip shape

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9
Q

Phonological Processes

A

Patterns of errors that children make to simplify adult speech, not random and systematically observed all around the world

3 main types:
Substitution
Assimilation
Syllable Structure

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10
Q

Substitution

A

One sound is substituted for another, no change in syllabic structure

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11
Q

Fronting/Alveolarization

A

Sound made in back replaced with sound made in alveolar (going to front of mouth)
i.e. car —> tar

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12
Q

Stopping

A

Fricative replaced with a stop
i.e. zoo —> doo

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13
Q

Gliding

A

Liquid replaced with a glide
i.e. rabbit —> wabbit

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14
Q

Vocalization

A

Vowel replaces liquid/syllabic consonant
i.e. apple —> apo

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15
Q

Assimilation (harmony)

A

A type of substitution where sound A becomes more similar to sound B which is in its vicinity

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16
Q

Nasal Assimilation

A

i.e. bunny —> nunny

17
Q

Voicing Assimilation

A

Usually due to a vowel
i.e. pet —> bet

18
Q

Velar Assimilation

A

i.e. duck —> guck

19
Q

Bilabial Assimilation

A

i.e. nipple —> mipple

20
Q

Final Consonant devoicing assimilating to silence

A

pig —> bik

21
Q

Syllable structure

A

Sound change that affects syllable’s structure/number

Remember, syllables are a vowel

22
Q

Consonant Cluster Reduction

A

A consonant cluster is reduced to a single consonant
i.e. stop —> top

23
Q

Weak Syllable Deletion

A

Unstressed syllable is deleted
i.e. banana —> nana

24
Q

Final Consonant Deletion

A

Can be the final consonant of a syllable
i.e. bus —> bu

25
Q

Breaking up clusters with a vowel

A

i.e. [blu] —> [belu]

26
Q

Early developing sounds

A

stops, nasals, glides

27
Q

by 2 years, 11 months:

A

b,m,p,n,d,w,h

28
Q

by 3 years, 11 months:

A

k,g,f,t,engma,j

29
Q

Middle developing sounds

A

All affricates

30
Q

by 4-4 years, 11 months:

A

v,s,z,l, sh, ch, J

31
Q

Late developing sounds

A

All fricatives and liquids

32
Q

by 5 years, 11 months:

A

r,eth,ezh

33
Q

by 6 years, 11 months:

A

thetha

34
Q

Consonant acquisition is…

A

Common benchmark for speech sound disorders

Language Development (11 decks)

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