EXAM 1: Introduction

Question 1

Phonetics

Answer 1

Study of speech sounds

Question 2

Phonology

Answer 2

Scientific study of sound patterns

Question 3

Phonemes

Answer 3

Smallest unit of distinguishment

Question 4

Morpheme

Answer 4

Word inflections/affixes, subtle semantic meaning

Question 5

Semantics

Answer 5

Word meaning

Question 6

Pragmatics

Answer 6

Societal context of words

Question 7

Syntax

Answer 7

Sentence, word combination and order

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

Skinner, operant conditioning with grammar
Counter: Some kids do not listen to punishment of grammar

Question 9

Nativism

Answer 9

Brain pre-wired for language
rapid, effortless, critical/sensitive periods

Question 10

Information Processing Theory

Answer 10

Attention, reasoning, working memory

Counter: Why do sensitive periods exist?

Question 11

Interactionist

Answer 11

Aligns with nativism, but add interaction with surroundings

Question 12

Initial state

Answer 12

Beginning of learning/language development
more controversial

Question 13

What’s in between initial state and end state?

Answer 13

Processes/mechanisms of learning development

Question 14

End state

Answer 14

“Outcome” How well do they know after the development
more research on this since it is more observable

Question 15

End state of Language Development

Answer 15

PRODUCTION: creatively producing and understanding infinite number of sentences

WORDS (Expressive and Receptive)

Sounds

Question 16

Receptive Vocabulary

Answer 16

Understanding (PPVT)

Question 17

Expressive Vocabulary

Answer 17

Producing (EVT)

Question 18

Phonotactics

Answer 18

Guides which phonetics can or cannot go together

Question 19

IPA

Answer 19

Written symbol that represents one sound, (1:1)

Question 20

Ambient Language Input

Answer 20

What they hear, parental input
gestures are also important
Quantity and quality of input matters

Question 21

Main Clause

Answer 21

The clause with the most vital meaning in the sentence

Question 22

Complement Clause

Answer 22

Clause with the supplementary meaning in the sentence

Question 23

Relative Clause

Answer 23

Clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun

Question 24

Adverbial Clause

Answer 24

Clause that modifies a verb

Question 25

Structural dependency of grammar

Answer 25

A sentence is made up of phrases (hierarchies) and there are grammatical rules associated with these hierarchies
i.e. Subject auxillary inversion rule

Question 26

Subject Auxillary Inversion Rule

Answer 26

If you move the linking verb of the main phrase to the front, you can make a yes or no question