EXAM 1: Introduction Flashcards
Phonetics
Study of speech sounds
Phonology
Scientific study of sound patterns
Phonemes
Smallest unit of distinguishment
Morpheme
Word inflections/affixes, subtle semantic meaning
Semantics
Word meaning
Pragmatics
Societal context of words
Syntax
Sentence, word combination and order
Behaviorism
Skinner, operant conditioning with grammar
Counter: Some kids do not listen to punishment of grammar
Nativism
Brain pre-wired for language
rapid, effortless, critical/sensitive periods
Information Processing Theory
Attention, reasoning, working memory
Counter: Why do sensitive periods exist?
Interactionist
Aligns with nativism, but add interaction with surroundings
Initial state
Beginning of learning/language development
more controversial
What’s in between initial state and end state?
Processes/mechanisms of learning development
End state
“Outcome” How well do they know after the development
more research on this since it is more observable
End state of Language Development
PRODUCTION: creatively producing and understanding infinite number of sentences
WORDS (Expressive and Receptive)
Sounds
Receptive Vocabulary
Understanding (PPVT)
Expressive Vocabulary
Producing (EVT)
Phonotactics
Guides which phonetics can or cannot go together
IPA
Written symbol that represents one sound, (1:1)
Ambient Language Input
What they hear, parental input
gestures are also important
Quantity and quality of input matters
Main Clause
The clause with the most vital meaning in the sentence
Complement Clause
Clause with the supplementary meaning in the sentence
Relative Clause
Clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun
Adverbial Clause
Clause that modifies a verb
Structural dependency of grammar
A sentence is made up of phrases (hierarchies) and there are grammatical rules associated with these hierarchies
i.e. Subject auxillary inversion rule
Subject Auxillary Inversion Rule
If you move the linking verb of the main phrase to the front, you can make a yes or no question
