Exam 2 pt. 2

Question 1

List all Biomes

Answer 1

Boreal Forest
Desert
Mediterranean and Chaparral
Tropical Rain Forest
Tundra
Temperate Grassland
Temperate Forest
Savanna

Question 2

Tropical Rain Forest

Answer 2

abundance of resources
biodiversity “hotspots”
high species richness

Question 3

Tundra

Answer 3

permafrost: soil is frozen throughout the year and is rich i organic matter
low plant diversity

Question 4

Temperate Grassland

Answer 4

very productive

domesticated, anthropogenically transformed

Question 5

Boreal Forest

Answer 5

coniferous or taiga, largest terrestrial biome
low diversity of tree flora: pines, firs, spruces
pest outbreaks

Question 6

Savanna

Answer 6

tropical grassland w/scattered trees

tree growth checked by limited seasonal moisture, grazing, and fire

Question 7

Desert

Answer 7

little, unpredictable rainfall
low productivity
low species diversity
plant adaptations

Question 8

Temperate Forest

Answer 8

moderate temperature and precipitation
Deciduous and evergreen trees
rich in organic matter

Question 9

Mediterranean and Chaparral

Answer 9

mild/wet winters
hot/dry summers
frequent wildfires

Question 10

Climate

Answer 10

weather over a long period of time

Question 11

Biome

Answer 11

a major category of the world’s distinctive plant assemblages

Question 12

Continents

Answer 12

Pangaea
Laurasia
Gondwana

Question 13

Rain shadow

Answer 13

region with little rainfall because it’s sheltered by hills

Question 14

El Nino

Answer 14

Between 3-7 yrs, warm water moves East along the equator and rests in the Pacific, near S. America
The warm water evaporates and moves north, providing extra rainfall across the South US for a couple months

Question 15

Santa Ana

Answer 15

high presure air masses over the Great Basin and upper Mojave Desert flow to the low pressure center, taking the path of least resistance by channeling through the mountain passes to the lower coastal elevations, as low pressure off the coast pulls the air mass offshore

Question 16

Hurricane vs. Cyclone

Answer 16

Atlantic & Pacific Northeast vs. S. Pacific and Indian Ocean

Question 17

Westerlies

Answer 17

earth’s rotation causes air moving toward the equator to be deflected westward

Question 18

Trade Wind

Answer 18

Blows toward the equator from northeast or southeast. From high pressure to low pressure equator

Question 19

Solstices & Equinoxes

Answer 19

Summer: June 21 or 22
Winter: Dec 21 or 22

Question 20

If the Earth wasn’t tilted

Answer 20

the sun would rise in the east and set in the west, no change, no seasons
parts of the planet higher than 40 degrees would never have the sun overhead
equator would be really hot all the time and other regions would only get some lighting

Question 21

3 Things that Influence Biogeography

Answer 21

1. Earth’s rotation on a tilted axis
2. the position of the Earth’s land masses
3. Origin - 4.5 billion yo, plants diversifying and land masses changing

Question 22

Biogeography

Answer 22

the distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life on Earth, and is heavily influenced by random events like change in climate, topography, etc.

Question 23

Permean- Triassic

Answer 23

251 million ya
94% of marine
70% of land

Question 24

Cretaceous

Answer 24

65 million ya

asteroid

Question 25

Alleles

Answer 25

traits in plants

one of two or more forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

Question 26

Gametophyte stage

Answer 26

where the plant is haploid and produces gametes

Question 27

Sporophyte stage

Answer 27

where the plant is diploid and produces spores (sperm) for reproduction

Question 28

Fragmentation

Answer 28

wide spreading or vining plant grows and establishes its own root system and can survive if detached from the parent

Question 29

Zygote

Answer 29

when egg and sperm cells are brought together, the diploid fertilized egg is a zygote

Question 30

Meiosis

Answer 30

shuffles genes (haploid) from one egg, one sperm (gamete)

Question 31

Mitosis

Answer 31

creates duplicate of a cell’s genes - diploid (2x chromosomes)

Question 32

Auxins

Answer 32

activates dormant buds, stimulates growth, promotes development of embryos and fruits

Question 33

Gibberellins

Answer 33

stem elongation, seed germination, flowering

Question 34

Phytochrome

Answer 34

pigment that detects light for day length

Question 35

Phototropin

Answer 35

pigment that perceives direction of light