Exam 2 pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

List all Biomes

A
Boreal Forest
Desert
Mediterranean and Chaparral
Tropical Rain Forest
Tundra
Temperate Grassland
Temperate Forest
Savanna
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2
Q

Tropical Rain Forest

A

abundance of resources
biodiversity “hotspots”
high species richness

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3
Q

Tundra

A

permafrost: soil is frozen throughout the year and is rich i organic matter
low plant diversity

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4
Q

Temperate Grassland

A

very productive

domesticated, anthropogenically transformed

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5
Q

Boreal Forest

A

coniferous or taiga, largest terrestrial biome
low diversity of tree flora: pines, firs, spruces
pest outbreaks

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6
Q

Savanna

A

tropical grassland w/scattered trees

tree growth checked by limited seasonal moisture, grazing, and fire

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7
Q

Desert

A

little, unpredictable rainfall
low productivity
low species diversity
plant adaptations

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8
Q

Temperate Forest

A

moderate temperature and precipitation
Deciduous and evergreen trees
rich in organic matter

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9
Q

Mediterranean and Chaparral

A

mild/wet winters
hot/dry summers
frequent wildfires

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10
Q

Climate

A

weather over a long period of time

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11
Q

Biome

A

a major category of the world’s distinctive plant assemblages

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12
Q

Continents

A

Pangaea
Laurasia
Gondwana

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13
Q

Rain shadow

A

region with little rainfall because it’s sheltered by hills

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14
Q

El Nino

A

Between 3-7 yrs, warm water moves East along the equator and rests in the Pacific, near S. America
The warm water evaporates and moves north, providing extra rainfall across the South US for a couple months

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15
Q

Santa Ana

A

high presure air masses over the Great Basin and upper Mojave Desert flow to the low pressure center, taking the path of least resistance by channeling through the mountain passes to the lower coastal elevations, as low pressure off the coast pulls the air mass offshore

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16
Q

Hurricane vs. Cyclone

A

Atlantic & Pacific Northeast vs. S. Pacific and Indian Ocean

17
Q

Westerlies

A

earth’s rotation causes air moving toward the equator to be deflected westward

18
Q

Trade Wind

A

Blows toward the equator from northeast or southeast. From high pressure to low pressure equator

19
Q

Solstices & Equinoxes

A

Summer: June 21 or 22
Winter: Dec 21 or 22

20
Q

If the Earth wasn’t tilted

A

the sun would rise in the east and set in the west, no change, no seasons
parts of the planet higher than 40 degrees would never have the sun overhead
equator would be really hot all the time and other regions would only get some lighting

21
Q

3 Things that Influence Biogeography

A
  1. Earth’s rotation on a tilted axis
  2. the position of the Earth’s land masses
  3. Origin - 4.5 billion yo, plants diversifying and land masses changing
22
Q

Biogeography

A

the distribution of plants, animals, and other forms of life on Earth, and is heavily influenced by random events like change in climate, topography, etc.

23
Q

Permean- Triassic

A

251 million ya
94% of marine
70% of land

24
Q

Cretaceous

A

65 million ya

asteroid

25
Alleles
traits in plants | one of two or more forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome
26
Gametophyte stage
where the plant is haploid and produces gametes
27
Sporophyte stage
where the plant is diploid and produces spores (sperm) for reproduction
28
Fragmentation
wide spreading or vining plant grows and establishes its own root system and can survive if detached from the parent
29
Zygote
when egg and sperm cells are brought together, the diploid fertilized egg is a zygote
30
Meiosis
shuffles genes (haploid) from one egg, one sperm (gamete)
31
Mitosis
creates duplicate of a cell's genes - diploid (2x chromosomes)
32
Auxins
activates dormant buds, stimulates growth, promotes development of embryos and fruits
33
Gibberellins
stem elongation, seed germination, flowering
34
Phytochrome
pigment that detects light for day length
35
Phototropin
pigment that perceives direction of light