Exam 1 Flashcards
Onion cells vs. Elodea Cells
Elodea cells have chloroplasts but onion cells do not because they grow underground
Why are plants important:
Without them, life could not be sustained. There would not be enough oxygen. No animal or fungus performs photosynthesis. They protect us, impact us psychologically, and make us happy
Plants provide:
Oxygen, energy, atoms, food
3 Types of Organisms
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Bacteria and Archaea. Both single celled and microscopic, but Archaea are only in acidic/hot environments.
Eukaryotes
Has a nucleus. Includes animals, plants, algae, animals, fungi, and microscopic organisms.
Major Types of Plants
Flowering plants Conifers Cycads Ferns Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Green Algae
Charophyta; group of organisms most closely related to plants.
Bryophytes
Plants w/no vascular tissue and no seeds. Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Vascular Plants:
Have vascular tissue which conduct water and nutrients from one part of the plant to another. Ferns, Seed Plants
Ferns & Fern Allies
have vascular tissue but don’t make seeds in sexual reproduction
Seed plants
plants that do make seeds in sexual reproduction. Cycads, Conifers, and Angiosperms
Cycads
sago palms. Only survive where winters are mild. produce seeds that resemble cones, but aren’t closely related to conifers.
Conifers
pines, spruces, firs, and relatives. long lived trees, no leaves. vascular plants that produce seeds. produce cones instead of flowers.
Angiosperms
flowering plants. Most abundant of plants. food, spice, medicinal, crop, ornamental. Pollen carries sperm cells. Other parts of the flower have egg cells. Fruit bearing. All have vascular tissues.
Why algae are not plants
They produce food through photosynthesis, but they lack roots, stems, and leaves.
Ferns
Large leaves subdivided into many parts. Produce spores instead of seeds.
Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Bryophytes)
Tiny plants with fewer tissues and organs than all other plants. No vascular tissue. No seeds, cones, or flowers. Many do not have leaves, roots, or stems.
Non Vascular Plants
Ferns and Bryophytes
Not plants
fungi, coral, algae, lichens
Mutualism
both members benefit
Commensalism
one member benefits, the other is unaffected
Competition
both members are harmed
Predation
one member is harmed, the other benefits