exam 2 pt 2

Question 1

3 components of Vygotskey’s theory of cognitive development

Answer 1

1. social interaction + culture (external to private speech)
2. scaffolding: guidance of more skilled individuals
3. zone of proximal development: gap b/w what the child can achieve by themselves + with the help of others

Question 2

Vygotskey sees children as ______ of thinking

Answer 2

apprentices

Question 3

Major changes in attention, self- regulation, & memory during this age

Answer 3

A: goal-directed attention
SR: able to better regulate their emotions, develops dramatically from 2-5
M: recognition better than recall, limited working memory

Question 4

Theory of mind

Answer 4

other people have their own thoughts and feelings

Question 5

How do researchers test for preschooler’s theory of mind?

Answer 5

false belief task: asks kid to predict what a person will think is in a box of crayons when they know there are M&Ms

Question 6

Games to promote self-regulation and inhibition

Answer 6

• simon says
• red light green light
• clapping game
• repeat a word over and over

Question 7

School readiness

Answer 7

• more than academic
• starts before kids enter the schools
  1. social + emotional development
  2. physical well being/motor development
  3. cognition/general knowledge
  4. language development
  5. approaches to learning

Question 8

Why are kid’s not school ready

Answer 8

• lack of experience
• disabilities
• individual’s unique experiences (parents)

Question 9

Major types of early childhood education and care programs

Answer 9

• day care/childcare: broad term for variety of things
• preschool: state funded for 4 year olds
• university-based interventions programs: specialized programs for kids who may be at risk
• goal: to prepare child for kindergarten

Question 10

t/f: most infant/toddler care is poor or mediocre

Answer 10

TRUE

Question 11

t/f: there is a low % of centers that are considered developmentally appropriate

Answer 11

true - most are mediocre

Question 12

Head start program

Answer 12

• federal program for low-income kids
• focused on academics, nutrition, and parent support as well (holistic program)
• long term benefits: better school achievement, less special education, less prison time

Question 13

Perry Preschool Project

Answer 13

• high quality preschool program
• child centered (Piaget), active learning

Question 14

Developmentally appropriate practice (6-8 major principles)

Answer 14

structure (what):
1. clean, safe space, outside space
2. high teacher-child ratio (regulations - 1:3, 1:5, 1:10)
3. small group sizes
4. engaging learning materials
5. teacher qualifications
6. state license/accreditation
process (how):
1. positive teacher-child interactions
2. developmental curriculum
3. welcoming to parents (open door policy)

Question 15

Why is high quality care and education important

Answer 15

• foundation for learning
• critical developmental period
• leads to academic success

Question 16

For every $1 invested in child education, there is a ____ return

Answer 16

$7