Exam 2: Prenatal Flashcards
Preconception Counseling
-Before getting pregnant
-Medical check up
-Family Hx/risk
-Diet
-Folic Acid
Body Weight
-Maternal and fetal risk are increased when mother is significantly overweight and underweight.
Prenatal Care
-Visits should begin as soon after first missed period.
-Monitor growth and development of fetus
-ID abnormalities
Maternal Nutrition
-influences the outcome of pregnancy
-prevents low birth and preterm birth
Normal Weight at conception
-25-35 pounds
Underweight at conception
-28-40 pounds
Overweight at conception
15-25 pounds
Nutrition
-Protein: Demands increase with pregnancy b/c protein is building blocks.
-Fluids: 8-10 glasses of water
-Minerals and Vitamins
Special Considerations
-200 mg daily of caffeine - 1 cup of coffee
-artificial sweeteners are approved
Vegetarian Diets
-Strict vegans consume only plant products
-B12 found in foods with animal origins
-May need supplements
Salmonella
-raw and undercooked eggs
-limit high mercury fish, shellfish, fresh tuna and yellow tail
Listeria
-Can be passed to fetus
-Unpasteurized milk, soft-ripened cheeses (feta, blue cheese)
-If food is properly handled and stored, risk is low.
-Consume in moderation and obtain from
reputable stores.
iron rich foods and Supplementation
-Foods rich in iron are dark green leafy
vegetables
- Nutritional supplement most commonly
needed during pregnancy
-Diet rich in vitamin C helps with absorption
-Iron may cause stools to be black or
dark green
Calcium Rich Foods
-cheese
-milk
-yogurts
-sardines
Calories needed in pregnancy
-Need additional 300 calories from high protein foods, veggies, fruits.
Pica
-Consuming nonfood substances
-Clay, soil, and laundry starch
-More common among African-American
and Hispanic women
-Found to have lower hemoglobin levels
Exercise
-Moderate exercise during pregnancy has numerous benefits-muscle tone and
sense of well being
-Drink enough fluids
-Calorie intake to meet increased
demand
Heartburn
-caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus
-Eat small frequent meals
-Avoid spicy foods
-Sit up after eating/avoid lying down
-Avoid eating gas producing foods
Constipation
-Increase intake of fiber
-Adequate fluid intake
-Physical activity using large muscle
groups.
-may lead to hemorrhoids
Naegele’s Rule
-Identify the first day of the last menstrual period
(LMP)
-Subtract three months from this date
-Add seven days
-Example: First day of the LMP is June 14
June 14 less three months = March 14
March 14 + seven days = March 21
*The expected due date is March 21
