Exam 2 (physiology of physical activity) Flashcards
Myofibrils contain what?
sarcomeres
Sarcomeres are what?
smallest contractile unit of a muscle
Actin?
thin filament
Myosin?
thick filament
Muscles must be what?
depolarized
what had happen for to be muscle contraction to occur?
calcium and atp
Type I fibers?
slow-twitch fibers
slow-oxidative fibers
Type IIa fibers?
intermediate fibers
fast-oxidative glycolytic fibers
Type IIx fibers?
Fast-twitch fibers
Fast-glycolytic fibers
Type IIx fibers?
Fast-twitch fibers
Fast-glycolytic fibers
Training improves what?
strength and size of muscle
Fiber hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of individual muscle fibers
Fiber hyperplasia?
Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of muscle fibers.
Humans consume what and don’t do what?
consume oxygen and do not produce oxygen
What is the measure of the body’s maximal capacity to consume oxygen?
VO2max
Frick equation?
VO2max= HRmax X SVmax X (a-v)O2 diff
Site of gas exchange?
O2 in CO2
The respiratory system does not limit what?
exercise
Hot environments challenges?
dehydration and increase in core temperature
Training increases what?
blood volume and improves thermoregulatory control
Sauna and hot tubs?
mimics the effects of exercising in the heat –> physiology and health
Cold environment challenges?
needing appropriate clothing
optimal running temperature is around 50 degrees
respiratory system warms & humidifies the air
Exposure to the cold can lead to what?
physiological adaptions that allows us to better tolerate the cold
Common tools for an exercise physiologist
Metabolic cart: O2, CO2, spirometry
Muscle biopsy
ECG
Accelerometer
Electromyography
Environmental chamber
Ultrasound
The study of special population?
Children
pregnant women
elderly
overweight
diabetics
people with sickness
