Exam 2 - Pediatric Dentistry

Question 1

when do adult molars erupt in young dogs? why do you need to know this?

Answer 1

7-8 months

useful for helping to age a dog

Question 2

what is the dental formula for puppies?

Answer 2

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3/3 = 28

Question 3

what is the dental formula for kittens?

Answer 3

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3/2 = 26

Question 4

how many teeth total do puppies have?

Answer 4

28 deciduous teeth

Question 5

when looking at the maxilla, what is the difference between maxillary deciduous teeth & adult teeth?

Answer 5

adult teeth have 4 premolars while deciduous teeth only have 3 premolars

Question 6

what is midline match?

Answer 6

view the incisors from the front with the jaw closed & lift the lips - upper midpoint of incisors should match the lower midpoint of incisors

Question 7

what is incisor overlap?

Answer 7

scissor bite - upper incisors should overlap the lower incisors with the lower incisor cusp resting in the cingulum of the inner surface of the upper

Question 8

what is the canine interlock?

Answer 8

lower canine teeth should fit equidistant in the occlusal space between the upper corner (lateral) incisor & upper canine tooth

Question 9

what is premolar interdigitation?

Answer 9

upper premolar teeth cusps should point at the spaces between the lower premolar teeth starting with the upper first premolar pointing to the interdigital space between the lower first & second premolars (pinking shears)

Question 10

what is the carnassial overlap?

Answer 10

upper fourth premolar should overlap the lower first molar & the developmental grooves of each tooth should align so that there is a diamond formed

Question 11

what is prognathism?

Answer 11

lower jaw is longer than the maxilla (underbite)

Question 12

what is level bite?

Answer 12

mild type of prognathism that refers to the incisors meeting cusp to cusp tip rather than the uppers overlapping the lowers as in scissor bite - this will cause abnormal incisor cusp contact & attrition

Question 13

what is brachygnathism?

Answer 13

lower jaw is shorter than the maxilla - parrot mouth

may traumatize the soft tissues of the palate

Question 14

what is base narrow?

Answer 14

mandible is too narrow and/or the lower canine teeth lack the proper amount of leaning to the outside to fit into the normal space between the upper canine & lateral incisor

can cause oronasal fistulas

Question 15

what is cross bite?

Answer 15

normal tooth crown overlap is reversed - one or more of the lower incisors occlude in front of the upper incisors

Question 16

what is lance tooth? what breeds are most commonly affected?

Answer 16

the angle of the canine tooth is straight up - wrong angle

dogs - shelties
cats - persians

Question 17

what is the adult dentition formula for dogs?

Answer 17

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 4/4 M 2/3 = 42

Question 18

what is the adult dentition formula for cats?

Answer 18

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3/2 M 1/1 = 30

Question 19

this mouth represents what 3 occlusions?

Answer 19

midline match

scissor bite

canine interlock

Question 20

what occlusion is being demonstrated in this photo? which is normal & which is abnormal?

Answer 20

premolar interdigitation - upper premolar pointing between the interdental space between the 1st and 2nd lower premolars

normal - top photo
abnormal - bottom photo

Question 21

what occlusion is being demonstrated in this photo? which is normal & which is abnormal?

Answer 21

carnassial overlap

normal - top, diamond shape
abnormal - bottom, missing the diamond shape

Question 22

what malocclusions are shown here?

Answer 22

left - brachygnathism

right - prognathism

Question 23

if you are unsure if a patient has its adult teeth or not, what can you do?

Answer 23

take a radiograph

adult tooth will be under the deciduous

Question 24

T/F: the shape of deciduous premolar 4 looks like the adult first molar & deciduous premolar 3 looks like adult premolar 4

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what is the main concern with parrot mouth?

Answer 25

trauma caused to the upper hard palate - oronasal fistulas

Question 26

what malocclusion is shown here?

Answer 26

lance tooth

Question 27

why should you remove retained deciduous teeth earlier rather than later?

Answer 27

need to get them out probably around the time of spay/neuter - they are overcrowded, will rotate, and if left, result in periodontal disease get them out to make sure the adult teeth have the room to erupt & move into the correct anatomic location

Question 28

what is the difference between primary & secondary cleft palates?

Answer 28

primary - affects the front of the mouth secondary - affects the hard palate

Question 29

what type of cleft palate is shown in the photo?

Answer 29

primary cleft palate - also has a cleft lip

Question 30

what type of cleft palate is shown here?

Answer 30

secondary cleft palate - affecting the hard palate

Question 31

why are secondary cleft palates so frustrating to try & correct?

Answer 31

you can't fix it until they are fully grown because the hard palate will further separate - may take multiple surgeries to correct the cleft palate & the animal will likely have many problems (aspiration pneumonia, respiratory disease)

Question 32

what causes enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 32

genetic or developmental enamel malformation that is often caused by a high febrile condition (distemper/parvo) during the enamel matrix development prior to eruption

Question 33

does enamel hypoplasia affect root development of the affected teeth?

Answer 33

yup!

Question 34

what breeds can inherit enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 34

standard poodles, italian greyhounds, & samoyed

Question 35

what does enamel hypoplasia look like?

Answer 35

crowns of the teeth are pitted, rough, & are chalky/discolored brown while the roots can be almost non-existent

Question 36

what is wrong with these teeth? will they erupt normally?

Answer 36

enamel hypoplasia - no they will not, & will fall out at some point

Question 37

what is a dilacerated crown?

Answer 37

enfolding of enamel secondary to endodontic disease, convergence of roots, large pulp canals, periapical lysis, & usually occurs bilaterally

Question 38

when should you start checking small breeds for dilacerated crowns? where should you look first?

Answer 38

when they come in for their rabies booster look at lower first molar

Question 39

what is a common presentation seen with dilacerated crowns?

Answer 39

draining tract seen below the chin

Question 40

what pathology is seen in this radiograph?

Answer 40

dilacerated crown

Question 41

what about the tooth's appearance concerns you for a dilacerated crown?

Answer 41

those grooves should not be present - tooth should be smooth!!!

Question 42

what should normal eruption look like for incisors & canine teeth?

Answer 42

for incisors - they should always erupt behind the deciduous teeth upper canines - erupts in front of the deciduous canine lower canines - erupts lingual to the deciduous canine

Question 43

what dogs are commonly affected by retained deciduous teeth?

Answer 43

very common in small breed dogs - yorkies, chihuahuas, etc

Question 44

what should you be very careful with when removing retained deciduous teeth?

Answer 44

be careful with the elevator!!!! you don't want to damage the enamel of the developing adult tooth avoid putting the elevator below the tooth

Question 45

what breeds commonly have supernumerary teeth? what teeth?

Answer 45

boxers & bassett hounds! boxers - extra 1st premolars bassetts - extra incisors

Question 46

what should you do if there are supernumerary teeth or missing teeth?

Answer 46

rdaiographs!!!

Question 47

what tooth is commonly supernumerary in cats?

Answer 47

08s

Question 48

what is partial anodontia?

Answer 48

missing teeth - think dogs that have little hair also have little teeth

Question 49

what are the 3 explanations for missing teeth?

Answer 49

1. tooth never developed 2. tooth hasn't erupted 3. tooth is broken & there is a retained root

Question 50

something about seeing 2 cowboy hats??

Answer 50

maybe retained deciduous teeth? who knows tbh

Question 51

what are dentigerous cysts?

Answer 51

dilations of the follicular space around the crown of a tooth that is un-erupted or impacted!!! a distinct area around the crown of an embedded tooth is a diagnostic sign for this

Question 52

what is a gingival cyst?

Answer 52

non-painful swellings along the alveolar ridge that arise from the dental lamina, enamel origin, or epithelium that is associated with the periodontal ligament

Question 53

why should you get an impacted tooth out sooner rather than later?

Answer 53

the sooner you get it out, the less bone destruction that can occur

Question 54

what do dentigerous cysts look like on radiographs?

Answer 54

fluid filled structure

Question 55

what tooth is impacted? what pathology is seen on this radiograph?

Answer 55

premolar 1 is impacted dentigerous cyst

Question 56

what is the pathology shown in this photo? what is the sequela?

Answer 56

gingival cyst - all of these teeth are dead they were removed & the space was filled with consil

Question 57

what are the two types of odontomas?

Answer 57

complex - no tooth-like structures compound - contains small tooth-like structures called denticles

Question 58

what are odontomas?

Answer 58

mixed odontogenic tumor containing both epithelial & mesenchymal cells that usually occurs in young animals - get them cleaned up & they should heal well

Question 59

what pathology is shown in the photo?

Answer 59

odontoma