Exam 2-Part two

Question 1

What plant structure allows a plant to grow vertically?

Answer 1

Apicol Meristem tips

Question 2

What are secondary tissues?

Answer 2

Lateral meristems add thickness to woody plants. Secondary xylem and cork

Question 3

What tissue makes up most of the tree?

Answer 3

Secondary Xylem

Question 4

What does heart wood and sap wood have in common?

Answer 4

They both have secondary xylem but it is no longer functioning in the heart wood.

Question 5

Which tissue is NOT part of an older tree’s bark?

Answer 5

Secondary Xylem.

Question 6

If you trim a plants outer-most flowers what occurs?

Answer 6

It causes lateral growth because you remove the apical meristems.

Question 7

How would you measure the amount and direction of water movement in plants?

Answer 7

Measure the water potential and activity.

Question 8

Does the xylem use energy when transporting water and minerals up the plant?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Is the xylem made of dead or live tube structures?

Answer 9

Dead

Question 10

These provide greater surface area for nutrient absorption like the hyphae of a fungus

Answer 10

Root Hairs

Question 11

Where is the Casparian strip located?

Answer 11

Roots

Question 12

What is the function of the casparian strip?

Answer 12

Ensures that all water and dissolved substances pass through a cell membrane before entering the xylem

Question 13

Why do plants not grow as well in sterile soil?

Answer 13

The lake of mycrohrizae which helps nutrient intake in plants

Question 14

What is Guttation?

Answer 14

Appearance of water droplets on tips of leaves due to root pressure

Question 15

When does guttation occur?

Answer 15

At night

Question 16

How does water move up the xylem to the top of a tree?

Answer 16

Transportation or evaporation

Question 17

Explain relative water potential

Answer 17

Water potential (WP) is the combined pressure and gradient that determines the potential of water to move. The lower (more -) the WP the more that water has the capacity to move. H20 Flows from high to low WP areas. Leaves at the top have lowest water potential

Question 18

_____________ is the evaporative loss of water from a plant

Answer 18

Transpiration (cools plant, through stomata, in xylem cells)

Question 19

What is the difference between trachieds and vessels?

Answer 19

Vessels: Larger, move more H20, cant move high into plant
Tracheids: Smaller Diameter, less water, can move higher into trees

Question 20

What adaptations prevent water loss? (name three)

Answer 20

• Closed stomata: Prevents H20 escape during C02 exchange
• Develop smaller leaves
• Dormancy and C4 Photosynthesis

Question 21

Describe Sugar: Sink, Source (both S. organs)

Answer 21

S. Source: net producer of sugar (Mature leaves)

S. Sink: net consumer or storer of sugar, tuber, bulb, fruit, growing root or leaf.

Question 22

Place in proper order. Sugar etc. through phloem:
a-sugar is transported from cell to cell in leaf
b-sugar moves to a sink
c-Leaf produces sugar
d-solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes
e-Water diffuses into sieve tubes

Answer 22

C
A
D
E
B

Question 23

Name two characteristics of good soil?

Answer 23

• Good drainage

- Increased cation exchange

Question 24

What happens when you over-water a plant?

Answer 24

Kills it. It isn’t able to get enough H20

Question 25

What makes up most of a plant’s weight?

Answer 25

C02

Question 26

______, ______, and ________ are essential for plant growth.

Answer 26

Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen. Top-3 organic materials (Make organic compounds ex. sugar)

Question 27

________ ________ is when bacteria take nitrogen from atmosphere as N2 and convert it to NH3 to allow it to be used by plants

Answer 27

Nitrogen Fixation

Question 28

What form of Nitrogen is usable to plants?

a. N2
b. NH3

Answer 28

NH3

Question 29

What is nitrogenase?

Answer 29

The enzyme bacteria use to catalyze nitrogen fixation. It is coded for by the rhizovium chromosome.

Question 30

Why are hyphae beneficial to roots?

Answer 30

Give increase surface area for water and mineral absorption

Question 31

Which fungus lives inside the cells?
Extomycorrhyzae
Endomycorrhyzae

Answer 31

Endomycorrhyzae

Question 32

What is a rhizome? (give an example)

Answer 32

Plants that are roots- Ginger. Break off a pice and it will grow into a new plant

Question 33

What is a parasitic plant called?

Answer 33

Haustoria: It has haustorium-stucture that sticks inside to another to out nutrients (dwarf mistletoe)

Question 34

Describe Epiphytes:

Answer 34

Non-parasitic; they grow on plants and obtain H20 and mineral from the rain (commensalistic ex. orchid)

Question 35

The lack of this element has driven the evolution of carnivorous plants.

Answer 35

Nitrogen.