Exam 2-Part two Flashcards
What plant structure allows a plant to grow vertically?
Apicol Meristem tips
What are secondary tissues?
Lateral meristems add thickness to woody plants. Secondary xylem and cork
What tissue makes up most of the tree?
Secondary Xylem
What does heart wood and sap wood have in common?
They both have secondary xylem but it is no longer functioning in the heart wood.
Which tissue is NOT part of an older tree’s bark?
Secondary Xylem.
If you trim a plants outer-most flowers what occurs?
It causes lateral growth because you remove the apical meristems.
How would you measure the amount and direction of water movement in plants?
Measure the water potential and activity.
Does the xylem use energy when transporting water and minerals up the plant?
No
Is the xylem made of dead or live tube structures?
Dead
These provide greater surface area for nutrient absorption like the hyphae of a fungus
Root Hairs
Where is the Casparian strip located?
Roots
What is the function of the casparian strip?
Ensures that all water and dissolved substances pass through a cell membrane before entering the xylem
Why do plants not grow as well in sterile soil?
The lake of mycrohrizae which helps nutrient intake in plants
What is Guttation?
Appearance of water droplets on tips of leaves due to root pressure
When does guttation occur?
At night
How does water move up the xylem to the top of a tree?
Transportation or evaporation
Explain relative water potential
Water potential (WP) is the combined pressure and gradient that determines the potential of water to move. The lower (more -) the WP the more that water has the capacity to move. H20 Flows from high to low WP areas. Leaves at the top have lowest water potential
_____________ is the evaporative loss of water from a plant
Transpiration (cools plant, through stomata, in xylem cells)
What is the difference between trachieds and vessels?
Vessels: Larger, move more H20, cant move high into plant
Tracheids: Smaller Diameter, less water, can move higher into trees
What adaptations prevent water loss? (name three)
- Closed stomata: Prevents H20 escape during C02 exchange
- Develop smaller leaves
- Dormancy and C4 Photosynthesis
Describe Sugar: Sink, Source (both S. organs)
S. Source: net producer of sugar (Mature leaves)
S. Sink: net consumer or storer of sugar, tuber, bulb, fruit, growing root or leaf.
Place in proper order. Sugar etc. through phloem:
a-sugar is transported from cell to cell in leaf
b-sugar moves to a sink
c-Leaf produces sugar
d-solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes
e-Water diffuses into sieve tubes
C A D E B
Name two characteristics of good soil?
- Good drainage
- Increased cation exchange
What happens when you over-water a plant?
Kills it. It isn’t able to get enough H20
What makes up most of a plant’s weight?
C02
______, ______, and ________ are essential for plant growth.
Oxygen, Carbon, and Hydrogen. Top-3 organic materials (Make organic compounds ex. sugar)
________ ________ is when bacteria take nitrogen from atmosphere as N2 and convert it to NH3 to allow it to be used by plants
Nitrogen Fixation
What form of Nitrogen is usable to plants?
a. N2
b. NH3
NH3
What is nitrogenase?
The enzyme bacteria use to catalyze nitrogen fixation. It is coded for by the rhizovium chromosome.
Why are hyphae beneficial to roots?
Give increase surface area for water and mineral absorption
Which fungus lives inside the cells?
Extomycorrhyzae
Endomycorrhyzae
Endomycorrhyzae
What is a rhizome? (give an example)
Plants that are roots- Ginger. Break off a pice and it will grow into a new plant
What is a parasitic plant called?
Haustoria: It has haustorium-stucture that sticks inside to another to out nutrients (dwarf mistletoe)
Describe Epiphytes:
Non-parasitic; they grow on plants and obtain H20 and mineral from the rain (commensalistic ex. orchid)
The lack of this element has driven the evolution of carnivorous plants.
Nitrogen.
