Exam 2- Musical TERMS Flashcards
Study guide 2 for the musical TERMS
Galant style
A new musical language/style created in Italy in the 1720’s that had songlike melodies, short phrases, cadences, light accompaniment, and mostly homophonic.
Empfindsam style
Similar to the Galant style, the empfindsam style was mainly connected to fantasias and slow movements, this style was mainly used by Carl Philippe Emmanuel Bach and featured characteristics like turns of harmony, chromaticism, nervous rhythms, and rhapsodically free, speechlike melody
Period
A period consists of two or more phrases in a music. In classical music a phrase period can be up to 8 measures.
Periodicity
The repitition of musical events at regular intervals at a time
Opera buffa
Coined by Opera composer Carlo Goldoni, an Opera buffa was a full 3 or more act Opera that also consisted of 3 or more acts
Ensemble Finale
Intermezzo
-A new genre of Opera in the 18th century in Naples and Venice.
-which was performed in two or three segments between the acts of a serious opera or play.
-the comic characters were given their own separate story in the intermezzo
-The plots usually presented two or three people in comic situations, and the action proceeded in alternating recitatives and arias, as in serious opera.
Opera Seria
- A genre of Opera where the plot is serious but mostlikely to have a happy ending and with no comic characters or scenes
- The three acts consist almost without exception of alternating recitatives and arias.
- Serious opera received its standard form from the Italian poet Pietro Metastasio (1698–1782)
Querelles des bouffons
in France 1752–54 in a pamphlet war known as the Querelle des bouffons (Quarrel of the Comic Actors).
- This was a “war” that took place between Italian and French Opera in France.
- A performance of “La serva padrona”, Pergolesi’s Italian intermezzo, sparked this quarrel.
- Jean-Jaques Rousseau was one of the French philosophers who took Italy’s side on this quarrel.
Opers Comique
- The French version of Opera in the 18th century which used spoken dialog instead of recits.
- the music consisted almost entirely of songs setting new words to popular tunes, known as vaudevilles, or simple melodies imitating such tunes.
- The presence in Paris of Italian comic opera in the 1750s stimulated the production of opéras comiques in which original airs (called ariettes) created a Italian-French opera mix
Ballad opera
- In England a popular form of Opera in English was the Ballad Opera
- consisted of spoken dialogue interspersed with songs that set new words to borrowed tunes, including folk songs and dances, popular songs, and well-known airs and arias from other works for the stage.
- Peaked in the 1730’s but still are being made decades later.
Singspiel
-A type of German Opera in the 1700’s with French and Italian styles. Including spoken dialog, Musical numbers, and a comic plot normally centerd on love.
- Singspiels were also performed by traveling actors, singers and performers
- The most popular singspiel composer was Johann Adam Hiller (1728–1804) of Leipzig.
- The Singspiel was an important precursor of the German-language musical theater of composers such as Mozart and Weber.
Fuging tune
-In 18th century American Hymns and Psalms that featureds passages for free imitation
-Usually followed by homophonic sections
Piano(Piano forte, forte piano)
-A keyboard instrument created in 1700, which used the mechanism of hammers hitting strings instead of plucking, and allowed crecendo’s and decrecendo’s
- Invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1732) in Florence.
- First seen mostly in public performances and rich homes
- Eighteenth-century pianos are now often called fortepianos to distinguish them from the larger, louder forms of the piano developed in the nineteenth century.
String quartet
