Exam 2 Musculoskeletal - Patho 2

Question 1

PTH

Answer 1

maintains serum levels of ionized calcium and stimulates osteoclasts

Question 2

Synarthosis (Joint Classification)

Answer 2

immoveable - skull

Question 3

Amphiarthosis

Answer 3

Slightly moveable

Question 4

Diarthosis

Answer 4

Freely moveable - knees, elbows

Question 5

Bursitis

Answer 5

inflammation of one or more of the bursae

Question 6

Bursitis -RF

Answer 6

recurring trauma, RA, gout

Question 7

Tendonitis

Answer 7

inflammation of tendons and tendon muscles attached to bone

Question 8

Tendonitis RF

Answer 8

overuse (sports), pain is worse at night, rotator cuff, Achilles tendon or hamstring

Question 9

Tendonitis CM

Answer 9

restricted movement, pain worse at night, crepitus

Question 10

Sprains

Answer 10

complete or incomplete tear of supporting ligaments around a joint

Question 11

Sprains RF

Answer 11

falls, MVA, sports

Question 12

Sprains CM

Answer 12

localized pain, swelling and warmth, loss of movement, bruising

Question 13

Sprains Grading

Answer 13

I - stable, minimal swelling
II - Moderate instability and swelling
III Gross instability, excessive swelling and ecchymosis

Question 14

Strains

Answer 14

injury to muscle-tendon unit (hamstring, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius and biceps)

Question 15

Strains RF

Answer 15

falling, springing, forceful activity, degenerative changes

Question 16

Fractures

Answer 16

break in the bone - secondary to trauma or bone disease

Question 17

Pathologic Fracture

Answer 17

bone break occurring to a disease

Question 18

Fractures CM

Answer 18

pain and muscle spasms: pain is immediate, continuous and severe during movement.

Question 19

Paresthesia

Answer 19

numbness/tingling secondary to nerve compression

Question 20

crepitus

Answer 20

peculiar cracking or grating feeling under the skin

Question 21

Extravasation

Answer 21

edema secondary to TISSUE trauma (vasodilation)

Question 22

Fractures classifications

Answer 22

Open/compound - bone protrudes through

Question 23

Fractures classification

Answer 23

Closed/simple - no penetration through the skin

Question 24

Fractures - type of break

Answer 24

complete - broke all the way through

Incomplete - partially broken or splintered (greenstick in young kids)

Question 25

Oblique fracture

Answer 25

complete break diagonally across the bone (45 degrees)

Question 26

Comminuted

Answer 26

bone shatters into pieces

Question 27

Compression

Answer 27

bone is crushed

Question 28

Impacted

Answer 28

ends of pieces are jammed together

Question 29

Spiral

Answer 29

bone twists and causes jagged break (worry about abuse)

Question 30

Greenstick

Answer 30

Incomplete break

Question 31

Transverse

Answer 31

complete break at right angle to long axis of bone

Question 32

Bony callus formation

Answer 32

osteoblasts form soft tissue around the site

Question 33

Bony remodeling

Answer 33

osteoclasts resorb excess callus

Question 34

Acute Compartmental Syndrome

Answer 34

5 P's - pain, pulse, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis

Question 35

Acute Compartmental Syndrome CM

Answer 35

pain, edema, deformity, bad capillary refill, discoloration (jaundice)

Question 36

Osteoporosis

Answer 36

loss of bone mass

Question 37

Osteoporosis RF

Answer 37

alcohol use, corticosteroid use, calcium low, estrogen low, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, soda, junk food(excessive phosphorus intake)

Question 38

Osteoporosis CM

Answer 38

loss of height, kyphosis, low back pain, fractures in the forearm, spine, and hips

Question 39

Secondary Osteoporosis

Answer 39

from some type of trauma

Question 40

Osteoarthritis

Answer 40

degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone

Question 41

Osteoarthritis CM

Answer 41

morning stiffness (15-30 min) joint pain, swelling that worsen late in the day, numbness-tingling at night, crepitus

Question 42

Herberden's nodes

Answer 42

hard nodules in the distal finger joints

Question 43

Bouchard's nodes

Answer 43

formation of hard nodules in the proximal finger joints

Question 44

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 44

systemic autoimmune disease - inflammation to the synovial membrane and cartilage

Question 45

RA risk factors

Answer 45

women 2-3x more likely to get, is more intense in men

Question 46

RA clinical manifestations

Answer 46

systemic symptoms, inflammation, swelling, decreased movement, morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour, low grade fever, fatigue, anorexia

Question 47

RA clinical manifestations

Answer 47

swan neck, ulnar drift, boutonniere deformities

Question 48

Gout

Answer 48

inflammatory disease that affect the big toe (cause by uric acid crystals)