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Pathophysiology > Exam 2 Musculoskeletal - Patho 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Musculoskeletal - Patho 2 Flashcards

1
Q

PTH

A

maintains serum levels of ionized calcium and stimulates osteoclasts

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2
Q

Synarthosis (Joint Classification)

A

immoveable - skull

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3
Q

Amphiarthosis

A

Slightly moveable

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4
Q

Diarthosis

A

Freely moveable - knees, elbows

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5
Q

Bursitis

A

inflammation of one or more of the bursae

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6
Q

Bursitis -RF

A

recurring trauma, RA, gout

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7
Q

Tendonitis

A

inflammation of tendons and tendon muscles attached to bone

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8
Q

Tendonitis RF

A

overuse (sports), pain is worse at night, rotator cuff, Achilles tendon or hamstring

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9
Q

Tendonitis CM

A

restricted movement, pain worse at night, crepitus

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10
Q

Sprains

A

complete or incomplete tear of supporting ligaments around a joint

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11
Q

Sprains RF

A

falls, MVA, sports

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12
Q

Sprains CM

A

localized pain, swelling and warmth, loss of movement, bruising

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13
Q

Sprains Grading

A

I - stable, minimal swelling
II - Moderate instability and swelling
III Gross instability, excessive swelling and ecchymosis

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14
Q

Strains

A

injury to muscle-tendon unit (hamstring, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius and biceps)

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15
Q

Strains RF

A

falling, springing, forceful activity, degenerative changes

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16
Q

Fractures

A

break in the bone - secondary to trauma or bone disease

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17
Q

Pathologic Fracture

A

bone break occurring to a disease

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18
Q

Fractures CM

A

pain and muscle spasms: pain is immediate, continuous and severe during movement.

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19
Q

Paresthesia

A

numbness/tingling secondary to nerve compression

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20
Q

crepitus

A

peculiar cracking or grating feeling under the skin

21
Q

Extravasation

A

edema secondary to TISSUE trauma (vasodilation)

22
Q

Fractures classifications

A

Open/compound - bone protrudes through

23
Q

Fractures classification

A

Closed/simple - no penetration through the skin

24
Q

Fractures - type of break

A

complete - broke all the way through

Incomplete - partially broken or splintered (greenstick in young kids)

25
Q

Oblique fracture

A

complete break diagonally across the bone (45 degrees)

26
Q

Comminuted

A

bone shatters into pieces

27
Q

Compression

A

bone is crushed

28
Q

Impacted

A

ends of pieces are jammed together

29
Q

Spiral

A

bone twists and causes jagged break (worry about abuse)

30
Q

Greenstick

A

Incomplete break

31
Q

Transverse

A

complete break at right angle to long axis of bone

32
Q

Bony callus formation

A

osteoblasts form soft tissue around the site

33
Q

Bony remodeling

A

osteoclasts resorb excess callus

34
Q

Acute Compartmental Syndrome

A

5 P’s - pain, pulse, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis

35
Q

Acute Compartmental Syndrome CM

A

pain, edema, deformity, bad capillary refill, discoloration (jaundice)

36
Q

Osteoporosis

A

loss of bone mass

37
Q

Osteoporosis RF

A

alcohol use, corticosteroid use, calcium low, estrogen low, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, soda, junk food(excessive phosphorus intake)

38
Q

Osteoporosis CM

A

loss of height, kyphosis, low back pain, fractures in the forearm, spine, and hips

39
Q

Secondary Osteoporosis

A

from some type of trauma

40
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone

41
Q

Osteoarthritis CM

A

morning stiffness (15-30 min) joint pain, swelling that worsen late in the day, numbness-tingling at night, crepitus

42
Q

Herberden’s nodes

A

hard nodules in the distal finger joints

43
Q

Bouchard’s nodes

A

formation of hard nodules in the proximal finger joints

44
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

systemic autoimmune disease - inflammation to the synovial membrane and cartilage

45
Q

RA risk factors

A

women 2-3x more likely to get, is more intense in men

46
Q

RA clinical manifestations

A

systemic symptoms, inflammation, swelling, decreased movement, morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour, low grade fever, fatigue, anorexia

47
Q

RA clinical manifestations

A

swan neck, ulnar drift, boutonniere deformities

48
Q

Gout

A

inflammatory disease that affect the big toe (cause by uric acid crystals)

Pathophysiology (4 decks)

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