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RTT Science > Exam 2 Linear Acceleration > Flashcards

Exam 2 Linear Acceleration Flashcards

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1
Q

The modulator cabinet consists of all of the following, except:

A

Water Cooling System

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2
Q

A cyclotron accelerates charged particles outwards from the center of a flat cylindrical vacuum chamber in a _________ pattern

A

Spiral

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3
Q

Electron gun function

A

produces electrons and injects them into the accelerator structure

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4
Q

Cathode

A

Spherically shaped structure made of a material with a high atomic number

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5
Q

Accelerator Structure (guide) function

A

accelerates electrons through multiple cavities in a linear fashion

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6
Q

Treatment Head

A

Comprised of several components designed to monitor and shape the treatment beam

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7
Q

Bending Magnet

A

Magnet system that focuses and directs the electron beam from the accelerating structure toward the treatment head

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8
Q

X-ray Target

A

placed in a electron beam to create a x-ray beam

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9
Q

Primary Collimators function

A

Shapes the beam, sets maximum field size of the beam at iso center

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10
Q

Beam-flattening filter

A

Flattens the x-ray beam exiting the target

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11
Q

Scattering Foil

A

Scatter electrons to create uniform beam of electrons for treatment

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12
Q

Ion Chamber measures (3)

A
  1. Dose
  2. Flatness
  3. Symmetry
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13
Q

Secondary collimators

A

Jaws of the machine, sets field size of the beam, often asymmetric

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14
Q

A Klystron amplifies __________ (supplied by radiofrequency driver) in machines >10 MV

A

microwaves

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15
Q

Arc (or Rotational Therapy)

A

radiation is delivered while the gantry moves in a arc from one point to another

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16
Q

Stereotactic Radiosurgery

A

high-dose radiation therapy in a single dose, usually cranial tumors

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17
Q

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

A

high-dose radiation therapy in fractionated doses, usually outside the cranium tumors

18
Q

Field in Field

A

technique employs small fields, often only a few centimeters in diameter with small numbers of monitor units, frequently as few as five; alternative to the use of wedged fields

19
Q

Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB)

A

a differential dose per fraction is delivered to selected sub-regions during the same treatment session, leading to different total nominal doses given to target volumes in the same number of fractions

20
Q

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)

A

advanced version of 3-D planning creating a nonuniform radiation beam allowing a better dose to the tumor while sparing more organs at risk (OAR)/normal tissue

21
Q

Step and Shoot (Static IMRT)

A

the beam is delivered with MLC’s in a stationary position, turned off as the MLC’s move to the next segment, and then turned back on

22
Q

Sliding Window (Dynamic IMRT)

A

the beam remains on as the MLC’s & gantry move throughout the treatment

23
Q

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT)

A

the beam is continuously delivered while the gantry & MLC’s are both in motion

24
Q

A Tomotherapy unit would best be classified as ___ delivery treatment machnie

A

Hellical

25
Q

Which of the following kV x-ray machines would be used to treat a skin cancer less than 1.5 cm thick?

A

Orthovoltage

26
Q

Linear accelerators have their roots in which of the following countries: (2)

A
  1. USA
  2. England
27
Q

The drive stand contains all of the following except:

A

Electron Gun

28
Q

Treatment couches in the treatment room are typically made of:

A

Carbon Fiber

29
Q

The treatment console is typically located inside the linac treatment room with a lead glass barrier. (T/F)

A

F

30
Q

Magnetron is a source of microwave power in machines ___(Power)____.

A

< or = 10 MV

31
Q

_______________ allow(s) many components in the gantry and drive stand to operate at a constant temperature.

A

Water Cooling System

32
Q

A Superficial unit produces x-rays ranging from __ - __ kV

A

40 -150 kV

33
Q

The treatment blocks are created in the ____________.

A

CT scanner

34
Q

The dome (top) of the diaphragm is considered to be at __(T#)___.

A

T9

35
Q

The iliac crest are located at __(L#)___.

A

L4

36
Q

A typical head and neck setup is as follows: (5)

A
  1. S-board
  2. Long mask
  3. Clr C
  4. Arms at side
  5. Knee wedge
37
Q

The tip of the xiphoid process is at the ___T#___ vertebral level.

A

T10

38
Q

Tangents are typically used to treat breast cancer. (T/F)

A

T

39
Q

The disadvantages of 2D therapy are: (3)

A
  1. Blocking is time consuming
  2. More side effects
  3. Large treatment fields
40
Q

The hyoid bone is at the level of ___c#____.

A

C4

41
Q

The thyroid and cricoid cartilage are at the level of __C#s____.

A

C5 - C6

42
Q

Obliques include all of the following except:

A

PA

RTT Science (6 decks)

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