Exam 2- Lecture 9 (Syrups) Flashcards
What is a syrup?
Concentrated aqueous preparation with sugar or sugar substitutes with or without flavoring, an medication
What are the components of a syrup?
Anti-microbial preservatives Sugar Flavorants Colorants Solubilizers Thickeners Stabilizers Active ingredients
What sugar is most employed in syrups? Why? Are there any disadvantages?
Sucrose Inherent sweetness, viscosity and stability; If used in timely matter it doesn’t require additional preservatives; Typically resistant to microbial growth Disadvantages: diabetic patients cant use; prolonged use in children can cause cavities.
Is it a good idea if a syrup is completely saturated?
No because complete saturation can cause the syrup to be unstable and can thus cause crystallization
Non-sucrose syrups include what? What are there disadvatages?
Saccharin-bitter taste Aspartame- renal tubule acidosis in large quanitites Sodium cyclamates-photosensitization, eczema, dermatitis ( note it is no longer approved by FDA)
What are types of anti-microbial preservatives used in syrups?
Benzoic acid Sodium benzonate
When adding flavorants and colorants to syrups what do you want to keep in mind?
Water soluble Non-reactive with components Stable at pH range
Preparation of syrups, what are the types?
Solution with heat :
- sugar + water + heat= syrup
- watch for over heating can cause carmelization of sucrose which makes it more susceptible to microbials
- quick preparation
Solution by agitation:
- longer process
- add all ingredients together and stir them
- high stability
Addition of sucrose:
- add sucrose to medicated liquid
Percolation:
- purified water or aqueous solution is permitted to slowly pass through crystalline bed of sucrose thus dissolving it
- If necessary liquid is passed back through percolator to dissolve remaining sucrose.
- This is the preparation for Syrup USP, snf Ipecac Syrup
How should syrups be stored?
Well dried bottles
Tight containers
Cool dry place not above 25C
Concentration of preservative is proportional to what?
The amount of free water
What are the advantages and disadvantages of syrups?
Advantages: pleasant tasting vehicle for medications, easy to swallow
Disadvantages: stability and difficulty in formulation of water insoluble drugs
What are elixirs?
- Sweetened hydro-alcoholic solutions
- For: oral administration
- Can contain water, sugar, alcohol and flavors
- Can be non-medicated or medicated
- Clear one phase system
Why alcohol in elixirs?
- Alcohol used to solubilize insoluble components
- Can also act as preservatives
- 4-40% alcohol
- often contain co-solvents
How are elixirs prepared?
Agitation and admixture of two or more liquid ingredients
What are the advantages of elixirs?
Sweet
Viscous
Able to maintain both in-soluble and soluble ingredients in solutions
Ease of preparation and formulation stability
