Exam 2- Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Comparator mirror

A

Using comparator mirror to project the subject one is painting on to the edge of the canvas

Eliminates need for eye movement between the canvas and to-be-painted subject, thus preserving sensory memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Modal model of memory

A

Sensory input ->
Sensory memory (1/2 second) -(attention)>
Short term memory
Long term memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Capacity and cognitive ability

A

Positive correlation between short term memory capacity and intelligence score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ERP signature of capacity

A

Max at 3 (memory array size)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fMRI evidence for capacity

A

Both CDA amp and IPS activities reach asym between 3 and 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Capacity of LTM

A

Virtually infinite!

Study: Standing (1973)- almost perfect memory regardless of number of study items

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IM, STM and LTM differences

A

Capacity

  • IM: unlimited (spelling partial reports)
  • STM: limited, 3-4 items
  • LTM: infinite

Lifetime

  • IM: <500 ms (typically 150 ms)
  • STM: short-lived; 50% at 4 seconds
  • LTM: lifetime memory; forgetting = retrieval failure

Retrieval

  • IM: fragile, eliminated by eye movements
  • STM: fast, parallel
  • LTM: slow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

STM length of time info is stored

A

Gradual decay
50% lost at 4 seconds

Sudden forgetting
significant increase in failure to remember between 4 - 10 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LTM length of time info is stored

A

Lifetime memory

Forgetting in LTM may be entirely due to RETRIEVAL FAILURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Iconic memory

A

1/2 gone at 150 (delay between array and tone)

Findings:

  • sensory (iconic) memory exists
  • sensory memory has vitally infinite storage capacity
  • sensory memory decays rapidly
    • > fades by 50% within aprox. 150 ms
    • > almost entirely gone within 500 ms
  • sensory memory is fragile and cannot survive eye movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spelling partial reports

A

Memory consolidation cue- beep during study

By 500 ms, iconic (sensory memory) no different from STM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Retrograde amnesia

A

Amnesia for past

Intact ability to store new memories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anterograde with some retrograde amnesia

A

Partial recall of memories for events prior to the amnesia onset, but their ability to form new memories is impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structures important for encoding and retrieval

A
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
-entorphinal cortex
-periphinal cortex
-parahippocampal cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amnesia case study: H.M.

A

Unable to form new long term memories (anterograde amnesia)
Some loss of events 1-3 years prior to surgery (retrograde amnesia) [memory recall]

No ability to form new episodic memories

Star mirror experiment (implicit memory/ procedural memory)
-gradually improved, but could not remember previous events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clive Wearing

A

Damaged bilateral hippocampi, surrounding temporal cortex, and some frontal
30 second memory

17
Q

Intact STM

A

5-9 for semantic info to STM (beyond 7 is LTM)

18
Q

Tip-of-the-tongue

A

Feeling of knowing a response, but being unable to produce it

To know (implicit memory)
To remember (retrieval; conduct task and respond)
19
Q

Dual-process theory of recognition

A

Recollection and familiarity
-memory retrieval can be based on either

Recollection (Hippocampus)

  • relatively slow search process
  • qualitative info about prior events retrieved
  • re-experiencing the encoding event at the time or recall
  • true EPISODIC memory

Familiarity (Perirhinal cortex)

  • relatively fast
  • ‘sense of recency’ is used as basis for recognition
  • feeling seen before, but not remember exact encoding event
  • NOT implicit because is conscious

Dissociation between recollection and familiarity

  • single dis (hippo and recollection)
  • kind of double dis, but not most clear
20
Q

Patient NB

A

Resection perirhinal, intact hippo

Impaired familiarity with intact recollection

21
Q

Can amnesiacs learn new semantic knowledge?

A

Some newly acquired knowledge, although more difficult to learn

  • can learn facts (pop culture, news events, etc.)
  • > semantic memory (maybe relies less on medial temporal lobe for encoding)
22
Q

Can amnesiacs learn procedural skills?

A

Serial reaction time task (implicit sequence learning)
No different from control, no episodic memory

Similar to mirror tracing task

23
Q

Nondeclarative memory

A

Explicit memory tests
-tasks that explicitly instruct subjects to use memory (e.g., recall, recognition)

Implicit memory tests (priming)

  • tasks that do not explicitly instruct subjects to use memory
  • > measure the unconscious influence of experience without asking to recall the past
24
Q

Vowel counting task, followed by stem completion task

A

Implicit memory task

  • increased likelihood of solving the words that have been studied
  • likely related to “activation” parts of sensory cortex

Results:
Free recall [C > A] lowest results
Cued recall [C > A] highest results
Stem completion [C < A] A results same as A cued

25
False memories
Memory is reconstructive -may "remember" something that never actually happened Unaware of how unreliable our memory can be and overly confident in the accuracy of our memories
26
Semantic rep. of sleep, even though specific word never shown
Recall ~40% recalled "sleep" Recognition -remembering lure (sleep) during recall strengthened participants memories of the lure during recognition (vs. "knowing" it had been on the list"