Exam 2 Koh- Retina Biochem 2

Question 1

Functional role of retinol

Answer 1

Transport

Question 2

Functional role of retinal

Answer 2

Visual transduction

Question 3

Functional role of retinoic acid

Answer 3

Synthesis

Question 4

Functional role of retinyl ester

Answer 4

Storage

Question 5

What are isomerase and ARAT coupled as?

Answer 5

Isomerosynthase

Question 6

What are absent in Mueller cells?

Answer 6

LRAT and RPE65

Question 7

What gene is retinitis pigmentosa associated with?

Answer 7

RGR and RHO

Question 8

What gene is fundus albipunctatus associated with?

Answer 8

RDH5

Question 9

What gene is leber congenital amaurosis associated with?

Answer 9

RPE65 and EDH12

Question 10

What gene is leber congenital amaurosis associated with?

Answer 10

LRAT

Question 11

What gene is Stargardt disease and macular degeneration associated with?

Answer 11

ABCA4

Question 12

What do mutations in RPE65 cause?

Answer 12

LCA and severe recessive RP

Question 13

What is the difference in the speed of the photoresponse between rods and cones?

Answer 13

Rod is sensitive, but slow; cone is noisier but fast

Question 14

Rods are for ______ resolution; cones are for ______ resolution

Answer 14

Temporal, spatial

Question 15

What is the peak absorption rate of the blue cone?

Answer 15

437 nm

Question 16

What is the peak absorption rate of the rod?

Answer 16

498 nm

Question 17

What is the peak absorption rate of the green cone?

Answer 17

533 nm

Question 18

What is the peak absorption rate of the red cone?

Answer 18

564 nm

Question 19

Only ___ morphological type of bipolar cell connects with the rod photoreceptors

Answer 19

One

Question 20

The invaginating contact bears metabotropic _______ receptors in the rod bipolar dendrite membrane

Answer 20

Glutamate

Question 21

The output of the rod bipolar ribbon is to what?

Answer 21

A dyad of amacrine

Question 22

Ganglion cells with dendrits in sublamina a respond to light how?

Answer 22

With a hyperpolarizing or OFF-center response

Question 23

Ganglion cells with dendrits in sublamina b respond how?

Answer 23

With a depolarizing or ON-center response

Question 24

Rod bipolar is interconnected by what?

Answer 24

A17 amacrine cell

Question 25

What are the 2 type of glutamate receptors?

Answer 25

OFF-bc: AMPA-kainate (iGluR) and ON-bc:mGluR6, Go

Question 26

What is an OFF-center cell?

Answer 26

Sublamina a (outer part of retina)

Question 27

What is an ON-center cell?

Answer 27

Sublamina b (inner part of retina)

Question 28

Cone bipolar cells ______ synapses with ganglion cell

Answer 28

Directly

Question 29

Horizontal cells facilitate _____ inhibition

Answer 29

Lateral

Question 30

How many types of ganglion cells are there?

Answer 30

More than 20