Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Biochemisty > Exam 1 Remington- Uvea > Flashcards

Exam 1 Remington- Uvea Flashcards

1
Q

What is the extent of the iris?

A

Iris root (junction of iris with choroid) and pupillary ruff (circle around the pupil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ruff is ______ to the root

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two anatomical portions of the iris separated by the collarette?

A

Pupillary and ciliary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the collarette?

A

Attachment site for embryologic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pupillary portion of the iris

A

Portion surrounding the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ciliary portion of the iris

A

From collarette to the root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the composition of the anterior border layer of the iris?

A

CT, Fibroblasts and melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Iris processes extend into ____ ____ in the periphery

A

Anterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the composition of the iris stroma?

A

Loose CT, collagen fibers arranged in trabeculae, melanocytes, clump cells, non-pigmented fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are clump cells likely?

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are structures located in the iris stroma?

A

Blood vessels and sphincter muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stomal ____ bundles encircle walls of arterioles and venules

A

Collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the origin of iris arteries?

A

Major circle of the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the minor circle of the iris?

A

Incomplete circular vessel within iris stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The minor circle of the iris is a remnant of _______ development

A

Embryological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the composition of the sphincter muscle?

A

Circular muscle, encircles the pupil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the action of the sphincter muscle?

A

Contracts to get miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the myoepithelium?

A

Anterior iris epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the basal portion of the anterior iris epithelium?

A

Dilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the dilator muscle located?

A

From root to midpoint below sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the action of the dilator muscle?

A

Mydriasis, radially oriented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the origin of the dilator muscle?

A

Iris root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of cells are in the posterior iris epithelium?

A

Pigmented columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cells of the posterior iris epithelium are joined by what?

A

Tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How are the 2 layers of the epithelium positioned?

A

Apex-to-apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How are the 2 layers of the epithelium joined?

A

To each other via desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Innervation of the iris sphincter

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Innervation of the iris dilator

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are crypts in the anterior iris surface?

A

Openings in the anterior border layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Crypts of Fuch

A

On both sides of collarette

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Peripheral crypts

A

In anterior border layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Anterior iris surface has _____ contraction folds

A

Circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Posterior iris surface has ____ contraction furrows in ____ zone

A

Radial, pupillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Posterior iris surface has ___ furrows in the _____ zone

A

Structural, ciliary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Posterior iris surface has _____ contraction folds

A

Circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How is iris color determined?

A

Density of melanin in melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What types of collagen trabeculae are there?

A

Blue, brown, green and gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Blue iris color

A

Occurs because of back scatter of incident light (Rayleigh scatter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Brown iris color

A

Due to absorption of light by melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Green and gray iris color

A

Various amount of absorption and scatter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What happens in iris transillumination?

A

Loss of epithelial pigment is evident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Iridodenesis

A

Trembling of the iris

43
Q

Iris synechiae

A

Adhesions

44
Q

What are anterior iris synechiae?

A

Usually peripheral, block aqueous from getting into aqueous of anterior chamber and exiting

45
Q

What are posterior iris synechiae?

A

Adhesion between posterior iris and the lens

46
Q

Heterochromia

A

Difference in color between the eyes

47
Q

Heterochromia could be a sign of what?

A

Horner’s syndrome

48
Q

What is the extent of the ciliary body?

A

From iris root to ora serrata

49
Q

What is the shape of the ciliary body?

A

Triangular in cross section

50
Q

What is the base of the ciliary body?

A

Corner at scleral spur, spans across processes

51
Q

What is the apex of the ciliary body?

A

At the ora serrata, where the ciliary body ends and choroid begins

52
Q

Where is the outer side of the ciliary body?

A

Runs along sclera

53
Q

What is the inner side of the ciliary body?

A

Runs along posterior chamber

54
Q

What is in the pars plana of the ciliary body?

A

Contains 70-80 processes, Valleys of Kuhnt- continuous with furrows and folds

55
Q

What is in the pars plana of the ciliary body?

A

Dentate processes, oral bays

56
Q

What is the location of the supraciliaris?

A

Outermost layer, adjacent to the sclera

57
Q

What is the composition of the supraciliaris?

A

CT, ribbon-like bands of collagen, oblique bands

58
Q

What is the function of the supraciliaris?

A

Allows muscle to slide against sclera

59
Q

What is the composition of the ciliary muscle?

A

Three muscle layers are described but are not truly separate

60
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the longitudinal muscle fibers (of Brucke) outer ciliary muscle?

A

Origin: scleral spur, Insertion: anterior choroid in stellate processes

61
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the radial fibers in the ciliary body?

A

Origin: scleral spur, Insertion: Ciliary body stroma

62
Q

What is the location of the Mueller’s annular muscle (inner) of the ciliary body?

A

In ciliary body stroma near major circle of the iris

63
Q

What is the function of the ciliary muscle?

A

Change the shape of the lens, accommodation

64
Q

What is parasympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscle?

A

Causes the muscle to contract

65
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscle?

A

Decreases muscle tone

66
Q

Where does the ciliary stroma extend into?

A

Processes

67
Q

What is the composition of the ciliary stroma?

A

Vascular CT, lymphatic channels

68
Q

What is the vascular CT like in the ciliary stroma?

A

Capillaries in processes are fenestrated and wide-lumened

69
Q

Lymphatic channels have been discovered in the ciliary stroma and are possible route for ______ exit

A

Aqueous

70
Q

The ciliary epithelium layers are _____

A

Apex-to-apex

71
Q

What is the outer ciliary epithelium?

A

Pigmented, continuous with the anterior iris epithelium and the RPE

72
Q

What is the inner ciliary epithelium?

A

Non-pigmented, continuous with posterior iris epithelium and neural retina

73
Q

What is the role of the pigmented ciliary epithelium?

A

Intercellular junctions (desmosomes and gap junctions), role in aqueous production

74
Q

What is the role of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium?

A

Intercellular junctions (desmosomes, gap junctions, joined by zonular occludens), prodcues and secretes aqueous humor

75
Q

What are the 2 functions of the ciliary body?

A

Aqueous production and accommodation

76
Q

What is the blood aqueous barrier in the ciliary body?

A

Selectively controlled substance secreted as aqueous, fenestrated ciliary body capillaries permit large molecules to exit blood, ZO joining cells of the non-pigmented epithelium (this is one way to control amount of protein in aqueous conc is slight compared to blood), non-fenestrated iris capillaries prevent large molecules from entering aqueous

77
Q

The lens is attached to the ciliary body via ______

A

Zonules

78
Q

What happens when the ciliary muscle contracts?

A

Reduction in diameter of ciliary body, tension in zonules is released, lens thickens and increases in power

79
Q

What is the location of the choroid?

A

Inner to sclera and outer to retina

80
Q

What is the extent of the choroid?

A

From ora serrata in ciliary body to optic nerve

81
Q

What is another name for the suprachoroid lamina?

A

Lamina fusca

82
Q

What is the suprachoroid lamina continuous with?

A

Sclera and choroidal vessels

83
Q

What is the composition of the suprachoroid lamina?

A

Diagonally oriented bands

84
Q

The suprachoroidal space (perichoroidal space) is a ______ space

A

Potential

85
Q

What is the choroidal stroma continuous with?

A

Suprachoroid and choriocapillaris

86
Q

What does the choroidal stroma contain?

A

Haller’s layer (large-lumened vessels), Sattler’s layer (medium-lumened vessels), and vortex veins

87
Q

Where is the choriocapillaris located?

A

Only in the choroid

88
Q

What are 3 characteristics of the choriocapillaris?

A

Anastomosing, wide-lumened, and fenestrated (diaphragm-covered windows)

89
Q

What are the 5 layers of Bruch’s membrane?

A

BM of choriocapillaris, outer collagenous zone, elastic layer, inner collagenous zone, and BM of RPE

90
Q

What are the functions of the choroid?

A

Provides nutrients to and eliminates waste from outer retina, absorbs excess light

91
Q

What are two causes of degeneration in Bruch’s membrane?

A

Drusen, AMD

92
Q

What causes drusen?

A

Accumulation of waste matter which displaces the retina

93
Q

What is the appearance of drusen?

A

Yellow- white dots, spots in the retina

94
Q

What causes AMD?

A

Degeneration in Bruch’s in macular area, normally nutrients pass through Bruch’s from choriocapillaris into retina, waste products go in the other direction, with age phospholipids accumulate in Bruch’s causing it to become hydrophobic (defective phosphorylation process)

95
Q

What are 2 possible consequences of AMD?

A

Fluid accumulates between Bruch’s and RPE that may lead to retinal detachment, neovascularization from choriocapillaris (leaky vessels -> hemorrhage into retina)

96
Q

What are risk factors for AMD?

A

Genetics, age, UV exposure, Light pigmentation

97
Q

What is the treatment of AMD?

A

Antioxidant supplements may slow the progression (lutein and zeaxanthin)

98
Q

What were the conclusions of AREDS?

A

Determined that high doses of lutein and zeaxanthin reduced the risk of AMD progression

99
Q

What were the conclusions of AREDS2?

A

Suggested that lutein, zeaxanthin plus omega-3-fatty acids (fish oil) can slow or prevent AMD, formulations containing beta carotene increased incidence of lung cancer in smokers, formulations containing omega-3-fatty acids had no affect on AMD reduction and might increase risk of bleeding

100
Q

What are 4 facts from the news release from NIH?

A

Laser treatment for neovascularization, photodynamic therapy, vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist, submacular surgery to remove BV network

101
Q

What happens in laser treatment for neovascularization?

A

Laser burns “spot weld” leaky spots, indocyanine green dye injected to better visualize BVs

102
Q

What happens in photodynamic therapy?

A

Visuodyne is injected and adheres to abnormal vessel wall, laser activates substance and closes BV

103
Q

What is vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist?

A

(Anti-VEGF), recently approved by FDA, given by intravitreal injection, decreases formation of new vessels, must be given periodically over several months, submacular surgery to remove BV network

Anatomy and Biochemisty (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions