Exam 1 Remington Episclera and Sclera, Tenon's Capsule, Bulbar, and Limbus

Question 1

Where is the location of the sclera?

Answer 1

Posterior 5/6 of globe

Question 2

What is the cellular composition of the sclera?

Answer 2

Dense irregular CT, avascular

Question 3

The sclera is continuous with what?

Answer 3

Corneal stroma

Question 4

What is the difference between the sclera and the corneal stroma?

Answer 4

Sclera has fewer GAG, less regular pattern of fibers

Question 5

What does a white sclera mean?

Answer 5

In health

Question 6

What does a blue sclera mean?

Answer 6

Thin or transparent

Question 7

What does a yellow sclera mean?

Answer 7

With fat deposits or liver dysfunction

Question 8

What is the anterior scleral foramina?

Answer 8

Cornea

Question 9

What is the posterior scleral foramina?

Answer 9

Optic nerve, lamina cribrosa

Question 10

What is the lamina cribrosa?

Answer 10

Meshwork of scleral fibers

Question 11

What are the anterior apertures of the sclera?

Answer 11

Near the limbus, anterior ciliary arteries

Question 12

What are the middle apertures of the sclera?

Answer 12

Near the equator, vortex veins

Question 13

What are the posterior apertures of the sclera?

Answer 13

Around the optic nerve, long and short posterior ciliary arteries and nerves

Question 14

Where is the location of the episclera?

Answer 14

Outer to the sclera

Question 15

What is the composition of the episclera?

Answer 15

Loose vascular CT

Question 16

What is Tenon’s capsule?

Answer 16

Dense CT capsule, outer to episcleral

Question 17

Where is the location of the bulbar conjunctiva?

Answer 17

Outer to Tenon’s capsule, continuous with palpebral conj at fornices

Question 18

What is the cellular composition of the bulbar conjunctia?

Answer 18

Stratified non-keratinizaed columnar epithelium, contains goblet cells

Question 19

What is the composition of the bulbar conjunctiva stroma?

Answer 19

The stroma is called the submucosa. It is immunologically active and contains blood vessels and lymphatics

Question 20

Ciliary injection

Answer 20

Involves deeper ciliary vasculature and is somewhat purple in color

Question 21

Conjunctival injection

Answer 21

Involves more superficial vessels

Question 22

What is the location of the limbus?

Answer 22

Annular region surrounding corneal periphery

Question 23

What is the width of the limbus?

Answer 23

1.5-2 mm in width

Question 24

What is the anterior border of the limbus?

Answer 24

Line drawn from termination of Bowman’s to termination of Descemet’s

Question 25

What is the posterior border of the limbus?

Answer 25

Line from the posterior scleral spur to conj surface and perpendicular to it

Question 26

What are the 3 landmarks of the limbus?

Answer 26

External scleral sulcus, internal scleral sulcus, and Palisades of Vogt

Question 27

Where is the location of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal?

Answer 27

Internal scleral sulcus

Question 28

What are the Palisades of Vogt?

Answer 28

Grey “pegs”, regions of thickened epithelium considered “niche” for corneal and conjunctival stem cells, contain BVs and melanocytes

Question 29

What is the histology of the limbus?

Answer 29

Corneal epithelium transitions into conjunctial epithelium, corneal stroma transitions into sclera, Bowman’s and Descemet’s end, conjunctival stroma begins, episclera begins, Tenon’s begins, and corneal endothelium continues as endothelium of trabecular meshwork