EXAM 2 KAHOOT REVIEW QUESTIONS Flashcards
How was Pop Culture created? Adorno & Horkheimer:
Critical/Conflict
Imposed by the elite for social control: Critical/Conflict
ELITES GAVE IT TO US, AND THAT’S IT
Pessimistic view
–People are unquestioning recipients of media messages and pop culture
Interactionist disagrees:
Pop culture is “created by the people, for the people”
–Disagree with Adorno and Horkheimer
–There is an interaction between production and consumption
–Cultural studies focus heavily on consumers and their power
Interactionist: Pop culture is “created by the people, for the people”
Pop culture is “created by the people, for the people”
–Disagree with Adorno and Horkheimer
–There is an interaction between production and consumption
–Cultural studies focus heavily on consumers and their power
Who is Charles Horton Cooley? LOOKING- GLASS- SELF Theory
Looking-Glass Theory”
(pep talk to himself on the mirror, I LOOK COOL! Cooley!)
“I” is formed by interacting with others
I think I am
Remeber it this way:
1) ME TO OTHERS
2) THEY THINK IM SMART!
3) FEELINGS/THOUGHTS OF MYSELF
“Save Face”
Self is the product of social interactions:
Process of developing self identity has three stages:
1) First, we imagine how we present OURSELVES TO OTHERS
2) Then we imagine how OTHERS evaluate US ( ATTRACTIVE AND SMART!).
3) Finally, we develop some sort of feeling about OURSELVES,
such as respect or shame, as a result of these impressions
Intereactionist is =Micro! SMALL
Small groups, dyads, 2 people
Intereactionist Approach:
-Interested in everyday interactions between people
-People shape pop culture as much as pop culture shapes people
Emphasizes how popular culture is created, diffused, and consumed.
-As an outcome of social interaction
=Experienced among small groups of individuals.
Interactionist Approach: EXPERIENCES & INFLUENCE w/others
Our interaction with others are what influences our experience with Pop culture
Functionalist and Conflict are =MACRO!
MACRO
What are Collaborative Circles?
EXAMPLES:
Writers: C.S. Lewis & J.R.R. Tolkien
& Painters: Monet & Renoir
■“Formed among peers who meet through social networks and who share occupations or interests in particular disciplines”
■Not a solitary activity
Writers: C.S. Lewis & J.R.R. Tolkien
They taught English! Contemporary Literature
They influenced each other. Religious.
CS Lewis wrote: Chronicles of Narnia!
Painters: Monet & Renoir
They hung out so much that they influenced each other’s paitings
They met at the same cafe & drank coffee!
What is ZEITGEIST?
1) It reflects on THOUGHTS and
2) FEELINGS of a SPECIFIC TIME PERIOD= (zeitgeist)
■Also reflects other sociological realities:
–Legal system
■How is pop culture regulated by laws?
–Technological realities
■How is pop culture manufactured and performed
–Organizational apparatus
■How pop culture is sold and promoted
Cultural Conventions: “Rebellion”’
“Rebellion” breaking the boundaries
May be greeted with criticism OR approval
■Taken for granted rules and agreed upon assumptions
■Makes collaborative action possible
■Pop culture production efficient
Platt-Simmonds Act: Legal System
Legal System
■Copyright law and pop culture
■1891 Platt-Simmonds Act
COPYRIGHTS
■The creation of unique American characters
- copyright protection recognized
■Foreign authors
-no copyright protection
-cheaper books
- wider audience and consumer base
What makes Pop culture production efficient? Cultural Conventions!!!
Cultural Conventions
Cultural Conventions: ART
Chris Ofili- Elephant dung Virgin Mary
What did FRED SCHROUDER argue/disagree about ancient EGYPT?
~Schroeder was an Egyptian who said WESTERN Egypt was Pop Culture too
“Western & American” Pop Culture
He said Egypt had pop culture
because of Industrial Revolution
“Our tendency to equate pop culture with various forms of entertainment obscures our ability to recognize other objects and places as “popular””
He said they equate to pop culture with “Western & American” Pop Culture
He said Egypt had pop culture
*The statues made from molds
The clay molds for funerals and other rituals= SERVANTS
3 Things Pop Culture must have: URBANISM
1) Diversity
2) Density
3) and the Number of people
- # OF Population
- Population Density
- Degree of human diversity
T or F: Ppl can react positive or negative to a Cultural Convention
TRUE
What is Organizational Apparatus:
(New Wave & Britain popularity)
RADIO
Example:
New Wave Music’s popularity
British New Wave music in the 80’s
–Direct reflection of organizational apparatus
■MTV- promotional music videos- debut in 81
■Video production of music not significant
■Music videos popular in Great Britain
What is a Technological Constraints/Conditions: CD’s
■When was the last time you bought an entire album?
■MP3 format makes buying individuals songs easier and cheaper
■Pop song length- 3-4 minutes- rpm (rotations per minute) records
–If it isn’t broken…
–Survival
■Concept album
–Listen in one sitting
–Cohesive narrative
Who is Stanley Lieberson? (Baby names popularity)
Names are NOT targeted by commercial elements
Names not targeted by commercial elements
Names are not created in a cultural vacuum
-Parents want to give unusual names but not so unusual that
it is out there
MalcomGladwell: Who are Connectors?
PPL who are in a diverse network who could reach a lot of ppl
Ex: YouTube influencers, Experts in areas
Who is Erving Goffman? Dramaturgical Approach
** IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
**FACE WORK “saving faces”
PEOPLE RESEMBLE PERFORMERS IN ACTION
• APPEARING BUSIER THAN YOU ARE
• MANY OF OUR DAILY ACTIVITIES INVOLVE ATTEMPTS TO CONVEY IMPRESSIONS OF
WHO WE ARE
• IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT
• FACE WORK
• FACE SAVING BEHAVIOR
• UNEMPLOYMENT IN JAPAN
Who is HOWARD BECKER? LETS SMOKE POT
HOWARD BECKER (1963)– MARIJUANA USE- INTERPRETING THE EFFECTS
200yrs ago OLD CONNECTOR: Why/ How was PAUL REVERE polular?
SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE OF THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE HE KNEW AND TYPE OF PEOPLE HE
KNEW
• SILVERSMITH, HEALTH OFFICER, CORONER, FOUNDER OF INSURANCE COMPANY, MEMBER OF MASONIC
LODGE, BUSINESSMAN, CARD PLAYER….
What experiment did Solomon Asch do?
• SOLOMON ASCH- 1950’S- SURRENDERING TO GROUP PRESSURE
What experiment did Stanley Milgram do? OUCH!
• STANLEY MILGRAM- 1960’S AND 70’S- PEOPLE ARE WILLING TO “TORTURE”
UNDER PRESSURE
Max Weber German Sociologist believed in:
Weber said that Capitalism could ONLY emerge in the WESTERN part of the world
His parents were Protestants
He believed that work had a RELIGIOUS MEANING
T or F: What did Herbert Mead said: “He said that chilrdren start off their sense of self with a very SELFISH narrrow view of the world”
TRUE!
.
.
Who are opinion leaders?
-ppl on podcasts
-the news
-person who’s an expert in the field that they are talking about
What is an Early Adopter?
A reviewer who buys the product and spread the news if it was good or bad
THEY HAVE A PIONEER STATUS!
Who is a Marken Maven? A KAREN LADY WHO IS UNUSUAL PERSON WHO IS A REVIEWER
NOSY! TELL ME THE INGREDIANTS!
-theyare interested in a lot of topics.
-They actively who wanna know the ingridients in products they review
How is a reviewer who is VERBALLY active?
They say to try it out verbally and give their opinion
How is a reviewer passive on products?
Ex: They wear a Gucci shirt, but not brag about it
What is a surefire hit in films?
It’s a hit film that has a huge audience.
Superhero movies are popular
Production Perspective needs 5 THINGS:
1) Profit
2) Consider Context in which media products are produced:
3) Sociocultural context
4) politoical Context
5) Minimization of risk
What did Frank Knight say about risks in making films?
“Franky can measure a sausage in the film”
“A risk is something that can be measured/quantified”
What did Holten say a risk was? WHAT IS CLASSIFIED A RISK?!
“HOLTEN IS UNCERTAIN WHAT A RISK IS!”
UNCERTAINCY ABOUT POTENTIAL OUTCOMES
YOU DON’T KNOW WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN!
According to NYU Business definition, Risk is…
“DANGEERRRR AND OPPORTUUUNITTTYY!”
A combination of danger
and opportunity
Prehistoric risks: LETS SPICE IT UP BITCH!
SPICE TRADE WAS POPULAR!
THEY PROFIT 3,OOO% MORE
Poorwere risking their lives
Rich was risking their wealth
They need to pass on their genes
and hunting, only source of food
Traveling to get spices to sell it
SURPLUS of talent is:
A talent must meet the needs of PROFIT SEEKING films
INPUT BOUNDARY is
A filter to select a small group of creative ppl with talents
Then they polish up the person and make them look how the agency wants to make them famous
What is a Boundary Spanner in regards talent? “I FOUND YYYOOOUU!”
This person HUNTS & helps in the process of making someone famous through
agents, managers, scouts and advertising
“Manufactures the products: Music, movie, book, program
What is Output Boundary regarding talent?
It’s when the person is put through agencies, to the public and advertised
OUT INTO THE WOOOORLD!
What is a Gate Keeper? “LETS SEE WHATCHA GOT!”
They sample the person with talent and they see if they have potential to become famous.
They spread a handful of products to the public
Who are the Surrogate Consumers?
THE AUDIENCE!
IT IS US!
Surrogate consumers- a commercial enterprise, consciously engaged and paid by the consumer or other interested party on the behalf of the consumer to make or facilitate selection decisions on behalf of that consumer.
EX: Amazon Vine (They give you shit and you review it and you get paid)
Potential Social Risks: Surrogates
Surrogates might have bias opinions
incopetence, judgement and they may fuck shit up
What was the PAY + VICTROLA SCANDALL? Payola Scandal=
PAY VICTORIA BITCH
Sale agencies were offering MONEY to Radio Stations to play their music to become famous!
How do you minimize risks?
STICK TO THE SAMA GENRE!!!!
IT HELPS US KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT
Whatis a Secondary Market? (Alternative Market)
“RE-MAKE THAT MOVIE!”
When a film does horrible the 1st time, then they make a 2nd film and its successful!
Overproduction is….Jurrasic Park part 56543344!!!
The producers make a shit load of movies and hope that ONE is successful
The name of the organizational device that let’s us know what we are watchng is….
GENRE
Risks mitigating factors that films use other universes to make more movies
Sequels! Re-makes
What is Entrepeneural Labor?
Risks only taken by the actors, not studios
Enormous Risks!
