Exam 2 in class questions Flashcards
which of the following is NOT a way animals avoid being detected by a predator?
A) minimize contrast with the environment
B) use aposematic coloration
C) use the environment to “disguise” itself
D) mimic some aspect of the environment
B) use aposematic coloration
A species of harmless butterfly evolves to have bright warning coloration similar to a species of poisonous butterfly. This would be an example of:
A) camouflage
B) mullerian mimicry
C) batesian mimicry
D) sensory bias
C) batesian mimicry
A study found that kingfishers do not seem to forage optimally: larger fish have the most nutrition but the kingfishers preferentially eat small fish. Why might kingfishers forage “sub-optimally”?
A) Larger fish swim faster and are therefore harder to catch
B) Kingfishers can capture and eat smaller fish faster, thereby reducing handling time
C) Smaller fish are more abundant in the habitat
D) All of the above are reasons
D) All of the above reasons
In honeybee dance communication, ________ gives information on distance, and ________ gives information on direction of a food source.
A) the dance does not really communicate information about where food is located
B) angle relative to gravity, the duration of the dance
C) number of waggles, angle relative to gravity
C) number of waggles, angle relative to gravity
How did James Gould’s 1975 experiment support that bees use the dance language to communicate the location of food?
A) He tricked bees into dancing to a location they had never actually visited.
B) His experiment demonstrated that bees do not use a dance language for recruitment
C) His results were inconclusive.
D) His experiment showed that bees can communicated distance but not direction with the dance.
A) He tricked bees into dancing to a location they had never actually visited
Why do animals of many species disperse from their natal area?
A) To avoid inbreeding depression
B) To avoid competition with relatives for resources
C) To increase chance of finding an open territory
D) All of the above are reasons for dispersal
D) All of the above are reasons for dispersal
Which of the terms below describes the seasonal movement of animals between two different areas or parts of their range?
A) optimal foraging
B) dispersal
C) migration
D) home range
C) migration
An area that is exclusively defended against con-specifics is called a:
A) Habitat
B) Home range
C) Territory
D) Dispersal
C) Territory
Nearly all taxonomic groups have examples of species that are capable of producing asexually. Which of the following is an exception with all species thought to only reproduce sexually?
A) amphibians
B) mammals
C) reptiles
D) fish
B) mammals
Anisogamy is best defined by which of the following?
A) When a male mates with multiple females.
B) When a female mates with multiple males.
C) The union of gametes of the same size.
D) The union of gametes of differing size.
D) The union of gametes of differing size.
What is the difference between intra- and inter-sexual selection?
Intra- competition for access to mates which is often between males (within a sex)
Inter- choosing between potential mates which is often females choosing among males (between sexes)
You are studying a rare species of bird and want to test the hypothesis that a brightly colored crest seen in some individuals is due to sexual selection. What are at least two things you would want to know to support this hypothesis?
I would want to know if there is a size difference in the individuals (positive allometry) and is the trait costly to the animal.
The Fisherian runaway process requires which of the following two steps.
A) A trait arises due to sensory bias. Individuals are chosen based on the trait, even if there is no preference for it.
B) Females choose a mate due to direct benefits. Their offspring then inherit good genes.
C) A male’s fitness will increase if he provides parental care to his offspring. Males are chosen based on caregiving.
D) Preference arises for a trait that initially gives an advantage. The preference for the trait is inherited causing increased exaggeration of the trait.
D) Preference arises for a trait that initially gives an advantage. The preference for the trait is inherited causing increased exaggeration of the trait.
Emling and Oring suggested that monogamy should be more like with which of the following conditions:
A) Mates are widely distributed and not easy to be monopolized.
B) Mate guarding would increase fertilization or sperm precedence.
C) Dual parental care is needed to increase the survival of offspring.
D) all of the above are reasons for monogamy.
D) all of the above are reasons for monogamy.
