Exam 2: Important words Flashcards
Essential Hypertension
Sustained pressure increase
Secondary Hypertension
Hypertension explained by another disease
Arteriosclerosis
Hardening of arteries
Hyaline Arteriosclerosis, Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque in the inner lining of an artery (atheromas)
Atheroma
Atherosclerotic plaques
Build up of lipids in walls of vessels
Fibrofatty Plaque
Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque
Larger lipid core
smaller fibrous cap
large immune response
more likely to break off and travel through the blood
Stable Plaque
Greater fibrous cap relative to the size of the lipid core
Hypercholesterolemia
High cholesterol levels
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
more lipid than protein
Bad cholesterol
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
More protein than lipid
Good cholesterol
Chronic hyperlipidemia
Increased LDL
Decreased HDL
Damage the intima by LDL accumulation
Thrombus
Accumulation of platelets producing a blood clot
Tunica Intima
innermost layer of a blood vessel wall
Tunica Media
middle layer of a blood vessel wall
Tunica adventitia
outermost layer of a blood vessel wall
Thrombosis
Rupture of plaque
Mobile plaque
Myocardial infarction
Heart Attack
Cerebral Infarction
Stroke
Myocardial ischemia
Lower perfusion than needed
Decreased blood flow
increasedneed
Myocardial Infarction
Compensation
Neighboring tissue may work harder but still allow function
Reperfusion Injury
Cells keep dying even thou you have blood flow restored
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Increased size of the heart
specifically the ventricles
Bradycardia
resting HR < 60 bpm
Tachycardia
Resting HR > 100 bpm
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart due to infection
Carcinoid Heart Disease
Cancer cells produce hormones that affect heart tissue
Cancer cells produce hormones and compromise heart function
Anemia
Low blood RBCs level
Thymidine synthesis
Required for DNA synthesis
Hematopoiesis
formation of blood cellular components
Megaloblastic
Abnormally large blood cells and precursorss
Platelet
Thrombocyte
Cell fragments
Thrombocytopenia
Platelet levels below normal
Drug-associated Immune Thrombocytopenia
Immune-mediated destruction of platelets
Heparin
Anti-coagulant
Heparin Type I
Direct aggregation of platelets
Heparin Type II
Venous/arterial thrombosis
ADAMTS13
Metalloprotease involved in formation of multimers that form the complexes in clot formation
Leukopenia
Lack of WBCs
Agranulocytosis
Lack of granulocytes
Granulocyte deficiency
Absolute Neutropenia
Make no neutrophils at all
Cyclic Neutropenia
Every 3 weeks, for 3-5 days, neutrophil count drops near zero, then rebounds
Neutrophil elastase
Inhibitory
Regulates production of neutrophils to prevent overproduction
Negative feedback - inhibits neutrophil production
Lung Disease
Resorption
Blockage of airway
Lung Disease
Compression
Accumulation in pleural space
Lung Disease
Contraction
Fibrosis restricts expansion
Lung Disease
Embolus
blood clot, air bubble, etc that travels through the bloodstream, lodges in a vessel, and causes embolism
Lung Disease
Cor Pulmonale
Failure of the RV
Lung Disease
Thrombolytic
clot-busting drugs
get rid of blood clots that keep oxygen from reaching your vital organs
Lung Disease
Plasmapheresis
Plasma is separated from plasma, then return the blood to the person
Lung Disease
Congestive heart failure
Heart fails to pump blood as well as it should
Lung Disease
Penumocytes
cells that line the alveoli and comprise of the majority of the inner surface of the lungs.
Lung Disease
Hyalinization
he process whereby tissue degenerates into a translucent glass-like substance, or the state of being hyaline