Exam 2 - HIV/AIDS and Varicose Veins

Question 1

Most common infection that occurs; if left untreated, could progress an dcause resp impairment/failure

Answer 1

Pneumocystic pneumonia

Question 2

Fungal infection, creamy white patches on tongue that if left untreated, can progress into esophagus and stomach

Answer 2

Candidiasis

Question 3

Most common malignancy; variable and aggressive course and can involve multiple organs. Brownish, pink to deep purple, can be flat or raised surrounded by ecchymoses and edema

Answer 3

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Question 4

How is mycobacterium avium complex treated?

Answer 4

Zithromax

Question 5

How is infection treated?

Answer 5

Antibiotics TMZ-SMP Bactrim

Question 6

How is diarrhea treated?

Answer 6

Sandostatin (octreotide acetate)

Question 7

How is candidiasis treated?

Answer 7

Nystatin - antifungal

Question 8

What causes HIV blindness?

Answer 8

cystomegliovirus retinitis

Question 9

How do you treat HIV blindness?

Answer 9

Ganciclovir

Question 10

How do you provide respiratory support?

Answer 10

Positioning - semi-Fowler’s
Incentive spirometry
Oxygen (humidified)
Pulmonary hygiene - suctioning, turn and cough, deep breathing, percussion

Question 11

Nursing considerations for HIV/AIDS

Answer 11

Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Monitor for s/sx of infection and prevent spread of infection
Initiate standard precautions
Provide adequate nutritional support as ordered - BRAT diet and plenty of fluids. Low fat and lactose, increase fiber, no caffeine

Question 12

What may be ordered for decreased appetite?

Answer 12

Megace

Question 13

Measures number of T helper cells; predicts disease progression and measures effectiveness of medication against HIV

Answer 13

CD4+ count

Question 14

positive results confirms diagnosis if EIA is positive

Answer 14

Western blot test

Question 15

Measures HIV RNA

Answer 15

Viral load test

Question 16

Most common, least expensive test used to screen for AIDS and diagnose HIV infection. Uses an enzyme linked to an antibody or antigen as a marker for detecting a specific protein; marks end of window period

Answer 16

EIA

Question 17

Experience flu-like symptoms, lasts a few weeks

Answer 17

Stage I - primary HIV infection

Question 18

Individuals are free from symptoms of HIV; levels of HIV are low in the blood

Answer 18

Stage II - HIV asymptomatic

Question 19

CD4+ count falls between 499-200 mm/cells: experiences symptoms caused by HIV infection

Answer 19

Stage III - HIV symptomatic

Question 20

Diagnosed as having AIDS; cannot return to HIV stage

Answer 20

Stage IV - AIDS

Question 21

Highly active antiretroviral therapy - protocol to treat actual virus. Goal is to slow down the progression and decrease viral load, prolong asymptomatic phase. Typically 3-4 meds. Cutoff for starting is if pt gets down to 350 CD4+ cells.

Answer 21

HAART

Question 22

Meds used in HAART

Answer 22

NNRTIs (Rescriptor, Sustiva)
NRTIs (Retrovir)
Protease inhibitors (Agenerase, Viracept, Invirase, Crixivan)
Fusion inhibitors (Fuzeon)

Question 23

Prevention strategies for varicose veins

Answer 23

Avoid activities that cause venous stasis
Change positions frequently
Elevate legs 3-6 in higher than heart level
Walk for several minutes of q hr to promote circulation - walking 1-2 miles daily
Graduate compression stockings
Lose weight

Question 24

Post surgery nursing considerations for ligation and stripping of varicose veins

Answer 24

Make sure they are up and walking immediately, 5-10 min every hour and increase as tolerated
Right after surgery and up to a week, will have compression stockings on all the time
Elevate HOB 15 degrees
Do not sit or stand for long periods of time
Usually can shower 24hrs after surgery using warm water and mild soap.
Use sunscreen.

Question 25

Post surgery nursing considerations for sclerotherapy

Answer 25

Pt may complain of burning sensation for a day or two after

Can get analgesic and walk to get relief