Exam 2 - hip musculature Flashcards
what general area does the lumbar plexus innervate
anterior/medial thigh
what general area does the sacral plexus innervate
posterior/lateral hip
posterior thigh
entire lower leg
what is the sensory innervation of the anterior hip capsule
femoral and obturator nerves (lumbar plexus)
what is the sensory innervation of the posterior hip capsule
sacral plexus
what are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve
what muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve
L2-4
most hip flexors
- proximal to inguinal ligament: psoas and iliacus
- distal to inguinal ligament: sartorius, pectineus, quads
all knee extensors
sensory anterior-medial thigh
what are the nerve roots of the obturator nerve
L2-4
hip adductors
obturator externus
sensory medial thigh
what nerves originate from the sacral plexus
superior gluteal nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
nerve to piriformis
sciatic nerve
nerve to obturator internus and gemellus superior
nerve to quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior
what are the primary muscles that flex the hip
iliopsoas
sartorius
tensor fascia latae
rectus femoris
adductor longus
pectineus
what are the secondary muscles that flex the hip
adductor brevis
gracilis
anterior fibers of gluteus minimus
what muscles attaches to the TP at T12/discs and blend with anterior portion of the femoral head and lesser trochanter
iliopsoas and psoas minor
what is the funciton of the iliopsoas
prominent femoral-on-hip flexor and flexor of trunk/pelvis over fixed thighs
swing phase of walk/run
frontal plane stability of lumbar spine bilateral contraction
describe the sartorius
longest muscle in the body
ASIS to medial proximal tibia
trailor’s muscle
what is the funciton of the sartorius
hip flx, abd, er
describe the tensor fascia latae
what is its function
ilium to IT band
flexor/abd of hip
IR only from ER
describe the fascia latae of the thigh
glute max and TFL attachments
circles the thigh
forms facial sheets of intermuscular septa
ITB forms thickened deeper portion
describe the rectus femoris
what is its function
between the sartorius and TFL
AIIS and superior rim of acetabulum/capsule to tibia
primary knee extensor
describe the pelvic on femoral hip flexion with an anterior pelvic tilt
force couple with femurs fixed
lumbar lordosis
load increases on facets
increased anterior shear force at L5/S1
often simultaneous with knee flexion to shorten limb
moderate-high power coactivation of hip flexors and abdominals
what muscles prevent the anterior tilt of the pelvis during contraction of the rectus abdominis
inferior pull of the hup flexor muscles
if the rectus abdominis has reduced activation, what muscle causes an anterior tilt of the pelvis
hip flexor muscles
__% less hip extension in 75-86 y/o gait
30%
what is the functional importance of a fully extendable hip
disruption of normal biomechanics in walking/standing
NLs standing very little energy
hip extension strengthening, hip felxion stretching, activation of the abdominals, capsular ligaments stretched in closed packed (ABD/IR)
what are the primary muscles that work to adduct the hip
pectinus
adductor longus
gracilis
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
what are the secondary muscles that work to adduct the hip
biceps femoris long head
gluteus maximus inferior fibers
quadratus femoris
obturator externus
what are the superficial muscles that work to adduct the hip
pectineus
adductor longus
gracilis
what is the middle layer of muscles that work to adduct the hip
adductor brevis
what is is the deep layer of muscles that adduct the hip
adductor magnus
when crossing over the right leg over the left leg to kick a ball, how do the adductors contract
concentric adduction on R and L
eccentric activation of the L gluteus medius to help control the velocity and extent of drop of the abducting left hip
weakness of the ___ may place valgus strain on the LE and risk ACL
glute med
ERs
foot position
when hip is near full flexion, _____ assist extension
adductors
when hip is near full extension, ____ assist flexors
adductors
what muscle group is important in high-power cyclical motions like sprinting, cycling, deep squat, and running up a hill and are susceptible to injury/soreness with running/jumping/changing directions
adductors
t/f
in anatomical position, there are no perfectly positioned internal rotators
true
what are the secondary internal rotators of the hip
anterior fibers of glute min/med
TFL
addutor longus/brevis
pectineus
what muscles becomes an internal rotator past 60 degrees
piriformis
__-__ degrees of hip flexion, the internal rotatores increase in torque d/t angle change
60-90 degrees
what is the function of the internal rotators during gait
rotate pelvis on the femur
what is different in those with cerebral palsy
excessively internally rotated and flexed (“crouched”) gait
what occurs with poor control/weakness of hip extensor muscles
flexed posture of hip
exaggerates the internal rotation torque potential
the ___ internal rotators help drive the left swing leg when walking uphil or increasing stride length
right
what muscles rotate the pelvis in the horizontal plane over a fixed femur
tensor fasciae latae
anterior fibers of the gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
adductor longus
what are the primary muscles that extend the hip
gluteus maximus
hamstrings
posterior head of adductor magnus
what are the secondary muscles that extend the hip
middle and posterior fibers gluteus medius
anterior fibers of adductor magnus
> __ degrees of flexion most adductors can assist with extension
> 70 degrees
what innervates the gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
what nerve innervates the hamstrings
sciatic nerve (tibial part L5-S2)
what nerves innervate the posterior head of adductor magnus
posterior division of obturator nerve
L2-4
what are the attachment sites for the gluteus max
ilium
sacrum
coccyx
ST and posterior SIJ ligs
IT band
TFL
gluteal tuberosity
what is the function of the gluteus Maximus
extensor
external rotator
stabilizes SIJ and lumbar region
where do the hamstrings run
IT to tibia and fibula
what is the funciton of the hamstrings
extend hip
flex knee
describe the pelvic on femoral hip extension
fixed femurs
hip extensors and abdominal muscles contract
what are the 2 phases of forward lean
slight and significant
describe the slight forward lean of the body
COG still in pelvic girdle
minimum activation from glute max and hamstrings
describe a significant forward lean of the body
COG out
increase of hamstrings, not glute max
how do the hamstrings work during a forward lean of the body
forward lean increases moment arm of hamstrings
increased passive tension on hamstrings
what are the primary hip abductors
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae
what are the attachments of the gluteus medius
ilium to greater trochanter
what are the attachments of the gluteus minimus
ilium to greater trochanter
blends with capsule hip joint
what are the secondary hip abductors
piriformis
sartorius
rectus femoris
describe how the hip abductors work in the frontal plane to stabilize while walking
stance phase hip abductors stabilize pelvis over fixed femur to keep pelvis from dropping
describe the production of compression force at the hip by the hip abductors
seesaw with femoral head as fulcrum
need static rotatory equilibrium
with every step, the force at the joint is combined forces of abduction muscles and body weight
walking up to _-_x body weight d/t acceleration of pelvis over femur
running _-_x body weight
walking: 3-4x body weight
running: 5-6x body weight
t/f
normal bone structure disperses force but arthritic may not be able to
true
when is max capacity of the hip abductors
just beyond neutral (stretched)
position of unilateral stance
same position where the ITB has some passive tension d/t slight stretch
what are the primary hip external rotators
gluteus maximus
5/6 short external rotatores
what are the secondary hip external rotators
posterior fibers of glut med/min
obturator externus
sartorius
long head of biceps femoris
what are the 6 short external rotators
piriformis
obturator internus
gemellus inferior
gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris
obturator externus
describe pelvic on femoral rotation
ER muscles rotate the pelvis over the femur
R LE planted and ER contraction will rotate the anterior side of the pelvis and trunk to the side of the pelvis and trunk to the left (contralateral to the rotators)
t/f
glute max can ER and extend for turn and push off during a “cut” in a sport
true
explain planting and “cutting” in sports
adductors and IR can eccentrically decelerate, but can be prone to strain
