Exam 2 - hip arthrology

Question 1

describe the ligamentum teres

Answer 1

tubular
synovial-lined connective tissue housing acetabular artery
contains mechanoreceptors

Question 2

how does the transverse acetabular ligament run

Answer 2

inferior portion of acetabulum

Question 3

what is the acetabulum

Answer 3

deep, cuplike socket

place that femur attaches

Question 4

describe the acetabular fossa

Answer 4

floor to fossa
no cartilage
no contact
filled with fat, blood vessels, synovial membrane, ligament

Question 5

the femoral head normally contacts only along the ____ surface

Answer 5

lunate

Question 6

what cartilage covers the acetabulum

where is it the thickest, why

Answer 6

articulate cartilage

articular cartilage is thickest along the superior anterior region as this is the highest joint force with walking

Question 7

forces __% swing to ___% body weight (BW) at midstance

Answer 7

13%, 300%

Question 8

during midstance, how does the acetabulum conform for walking

Answer 8

nitch widens
lunate deforms
increases contact area/decrease pressure

Question 9

the stance phase is between _% and __% contact of the gate cycle

Answer 9

0%, 60%

Question 10

the swing phase is between __% and ___% contact of the gate cycle

Answer 10

60%, 100%

Question 11

the area of the joint contact increases from ~__% of the lunate surface during swing phase to about 98% during mid stance phase

Answer 11

20%

Question 12

describe the acetabular labrum

what is its function

Answer 12

strong
flexible ring of fibrocartilage rim of the acetabulum
poor vascularized, well innervated

provides mechanical stability grip and deepens the socket

Question 13

how does the transverse acetabular ligament run

Answer 13

spans the acetabular notch

Question 14

what is the labro-chondral junction

Answer 14

internal labrum blends with articular cartilage of acetabulum

Question 15

what is dysplastic acetabulum

Answer 15

malformed
does not fully cover the femoral head
chronic dislocation/OA/pain

Question 16

how do you measure dysplastic acetabulum

Answer 16

center-edge (CE) - degree acetabulum covers femoral head

Question 17

what is acetabular anteversion angle

Answer 17

extent to which the femur faces anteriorly

20 degrees

Question 18

what is femoral version (ante/retro)

Answer 18

angular difference between axis of femoral neck and transcondylar axis of the knee

craigs test

Question 19

what is acetabular anteversion

Answer 19

measurement used on cross-sectional imaging especially pelvic CT for the assessment of acetabular morphology

Question 20

what is femoral torsion

what is the normal range

Answer 20

relative rotation between the bone’s shaft and neck

15 degrees

Question 21

what is considered excessive anteversion

what is retroversion

Answer 21

> 15 degrees excessive anteversion

< 15 degrees retroversion

Question 22

___ degrees anteversion in infants

Answer 22

40 degrees anteversion in infants

derotates to 25 degrees as child ages to 16 y.o.

Question 23

what can occur with excessive anteversion

Answer 23

hip dislocates/OS/increase contact stress

in-toeing

Question 24

what is the function of the illiofemoral/pubofemoral/ischiofemoral ligaments

Answer 24

reinforce external capsule, iliocapsularis, gluteus minimus, rectus femoris

Question 25

what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 25

thick strong, upside down Y medial and lateral AIIS/rim of acetabulum to intertrochanteric line elongated by full hip extension and full external rotation

Question 26

what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament

Answer 26

taught in hip abd/ext and some ER

Question 27

what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 27

posterior spirals taught in IR and abd

Question 28

describe the iliocapsularis muscle

Answer 28

deep hip flexor lateral to iliacus origiantes from inferior fascet of the AIIS attachment onto anterior hip joint capsule

Question 29

when are the iliofemoral ligaments stretched what is the significance of the stretch

Answer 29

when the pelvis is posterior to the hip joints stretch provides passive flexion torque at the hip, helps to balance the extension torque generated by gravity

Question 30

what position has the max joint congruity for the hip

Answer 30

90 degrees flexion, moderate abd and ER

Question 31

what are the oesteokinematics of hip motion

Answer 31

femoral on pelvic: femur about a fixed pelvis pelvic on femoral: rotation of the pelvis over fixed femurs

Question 32

describe the femoral on pelvic in the sagittal plane

Answer 32

hip flexion: 120-140 degrees pelvic tilt lumbar flexion with lE extended: 70-80 degrees hip extension: 18-30 degrees

Question 33

describe the femoral on the pelvic in the frontal plane

Answer 33

abduction: 40-55 degrees limited by pubofemoral and adductor muscle adduction: 20-25 degrees limited by abd/piriformis/ITB

Question 34

describe the femoral on pelvic in transverse plane

Answer 34

IR: 30-45 degrees ER: 32-50 degrees

Question 35

describe the femoral on pelvic in transverse plane

Answer 35

IR: 30-45 degrees ER: 32-50 degrees

Question 36

what are the 2 types of lumbopelvic rhythm

Answer 36

ipsidirectional, contradirectional

Question 37

describe the ipsidirectional pelvic on femoral motion

Answer 37

lumbar spine and pelvic move in same direction maximizes angular displacement of entire trunk

Question 38

describe the contradirectional pelvic on femoral motion

Answer 38

lumbar spine and pelvis move in opposite direction supralumbar can stay nearly stationary used in walking where head and eyes need to be still lumbar spine is decoupled

Question 39

what occurs in the sagittal plane furing pelvic rotation in the contradirectional lumbopelvic rhythm

Answer 39

hip flexion/anterior tilt/lumbar spine extension hip extension/posterior tilt/spine flexion

Question 40

what occurs in the frontal plane during pelvic rotation in contradirectional lumbopelvic rhythm

Answer 40

abduction of supported hip (standing)/opposite iliac crest hikes/opposite side spine lateral flexion adduction is opposite

Question 41

describe the arthrokinematics of hip flexion

Answer 41

roll anterior, slide posterior and inferior

Question 42

describe the arthrokinematics of hip extension

Answer 42

roll posterior, slide anterior and superior

Question 43

describe the arthrokinematics of internal rotation of the hip

Answer 43

roll anterior, slide posterior

Question 44

describe the arthrokinematics of external rotation of the hip

Answer 44

roll posterior and slide anterior

Question 45

escribe the arthrokinematics of hip abduction

Answer 45

roll superior and slide inferior

Question 46

describe the arthrokinematics of hip adduction

Answer 46

roll inferior and slide superior

Question 47

describe the arthrokinematics of hip adduction

Answer 47

roll inferior and slide superior

Question 48

during NWB hip abduction: convex/concave or concave/convex

Answer 48

convex on concave

Question 49

during NWB hip abduction: convex/concave or concave/convex

Answer 49

concave on convex