Exam 2: Heart Flashcards
describe cardiovascular circulation
systemic: oxygenated blood goes to the body; deoxygenated blood goes back to heart
pulmonary: deoxygenated blood pumps to lungs; oxygenated blood comes back
what are the basic layers of the heart and their purpose?
epicardium: outermost layer; connective tissue
myocardium: cardac muscle; contractile function of cardiac pump
endocardium: endotheium; protects inner cardiac tissue
what is the purpose of having a fluid-filled pericardial cavity?
reduces friction of the two layers when they rub together during heart beats
where do the heart valves connect?
Where do the major heart vessels connect?
similarities between cardiac and muscle microanatomy.
both striated and organized in sarcomeres
differences between cardiac and muscle microanat
location: cardiac - heart; skeletal - whole body
function: cardiac - pumps blood; skeletal - moves body
shape: cardiac - short, branched; skeletal - cylindar
similarities between heart and muscle contraction.
both striated
differences between cardiac and muscle microanat
cardiac: connected gap junctions, calcium involved, no flat line
muscle: no calcium, flat line, getting stimulus (tetnis)
what are pacemaker cells?
myocardial cells the depolarize and initiate action potential
describe the nodes that pacemaker cells are involved.
sinoatrial node: control its own signal
atrioventricular node: recieves and sends through AV bundle to the purkinje fibers
What do the heart sounds signify?
s1 and s2: healthy
s3: blood going back and forth in ventricle
s4: left ventricular failure
where do heart sounds correlate with the ECG?
s1: timing to the QRS complex
s2: follows the systolic pause in a normal cardiac cycle
where do you each the 4 valves closing?
aortic: top right (2nd space at right)
pulmonary: top left (2nd space at left)
tricuspid: bottom right (5th at right)
mitral: bottom left (5th at left)
what is cardiac output?
the flow rate of the heart pumping
