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BI 206 :) > Exam 1: Special senses > Flashcards

Exam 1: Special senses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of sensory receptors?

A

Thermoreceptors
photoreceptors
nociceptors
chemoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
exteroreceptors
interoceptors
proprioceptors

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2
Q

What are the different parts of the eye?

A

fibrous, vascular, inner

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3
Q

Describe the fibrous layer of eye.

A

avascular
sclera: white part of eye
cornea: allows light in

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4
Q

Describe the vascular layer of eye.

A

pigment layer (uvea)
choroid: back of eye, connective tissue
ciliary body: focus the lens
iris: color, adjust pupil to light

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5
Q

Describe the inner layer of eye.

A

where light gets connected
retina: photoreceptors
- outer layer absorbs light
- inner layer sends signals to brain
blind spot: blins spot; optic nerve connects

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6
Q

How does the eye sense color?

A

cone cells give color

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7
Q

How does the eye sense light?

A

The cornea lets light in

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8
Q

How does the eye adjust to different amounts of light?

A

The iris controls diameter of pupil to adjust light

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9
Q

What causes far or nearsightedness?

A

farsightedness: myopia (focus point in FRONT of retina)
nearsightedness: hyperopia (focus point BEHIND retina)

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10
Q

What is the basis of depth perception?

A

The eyes view the same image at different angles

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11
Q

What is papillae?

A

bumps all over the tongue

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12
Q

What are the functions of the different types of papillae?

A

fungiform: mushroom bumps all over tongue
vallate: like a v in the rear of tongue
foliate: side walls of tongue

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13
Q

What are the 5 different taste and their chemistry?

A

salty: sodium and potassium ions
sweet: sugars and organic compounds
sour: acids and H ions
bitter: alkaloids (nicotine, caffeine, morphine)
umami: savory, types of meat, amino acids

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14
Q

What receptors do smell and taste use?

A

chemoreceptors

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15
Q

What are thermoreceptors and where are they found?

A

activated by spicy foods and found in the tongue

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16
Q

What are the basic steps to smell?

A
  1. scent travels into nasal passage
  2. dissolved in mucus and binds to receptors on olfactory neuron
  3. activates a signal to depolarize the cell
  4. olfactory bulb travels through olfactory tracts
17
Q

How does the ear perceive pitch and loudness?

A

pitch is determined by frequency
loudness is determined by the amplitude of vibration

18
Q

What are the three ossicles and what do they do?

A

stapes: moves sound from the incus to the oval window
incus: sends vibrations to the stapes
malleus: sends sound to the inner ear

19
Q

Explain the steps of hearing?

A
  1. sound waves vibrate through tympanic membrane
  2. vibrations cause osicles to move
  3. ossicles push oval window that vibrate fluid
  4. vibrations travel until they move the hair cells on the basilar membrane
  5. mechanically gate channels convert vibrations into electrical signal that go to brain
20
Q

How is equilibrium maintained by the inner ear?

A

the vestibular system in the inner ear maintains balance

21
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

cone cells (color), rod cells ( dim light)
and fovea centralis (best vision)

22
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

pain receptor

23
Q

What are mechanoreceptors?

A

detect touch and pressure on the skin

24
Q

What are exteroreceptors?

A

respond to things outside the body

25
Q

What are interoceptors?

A

respond to things internally

26
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

give info on the position of the body

27
Q

what is filiform papillae?

A

most numerous papillae
give texture and sensation of touch on tongue

28
Q

What is foliate papillae?

A

folds located on the margin of tongue

29
Q

What are olfactory cells?

A

detect smells

30
Q

What are olfactory hairs?

A

recieve odor molecules then send to olfactory nerve

31
Q

What are olfactory bulbs?

A

recieve info about smell and send to brain

32
Q

Difference between static and dynamic equillibrium?

A

static at rest
dynamic moving

33
Q

What are the utricle and saculle?

A

two organs in the inner ear
Part of balance and use fluid and hair cells to detect motion

34
Q

What is the tympanic membrane?

A

seperates outer from middle ear

35
Q

What is the spiral organ?

A

receptor organ for hearing

36
Q

What are bipolar and ganglion cells?

A

the shortest and direct path between input and output

37
Q

What is emmentroptia?

A

gives sharp focus to objects

38
Q

What is steroscopic vision?

A

seeing the world in three dimensions

39
Q

What is conjuctiva?

A

mucous membrane that covers the eye

BI 206 :) (12 decks)

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