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bi 206 :) > Exam 2: Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Exam 2: Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of blood vessels and what is their purpose?

A

Arteries: blood away from heart
Veins: blood towards heart
Capillaries: exchange vessels; thin walls

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2
Q

Describe the oxygen of arteries and veins

A

Arteries: systemic oxygen rich; pulmonary oxygen poor
Veins: systemic oxygen poor; pulmonary oxygen rich

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3
Q

What are the different layers of a blood vessel?

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa

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4
Q

What is the cell type and role of each blood vessel layer?

A

Tunica intima: simple squamous epithelium; lines lumen of all vessels
Tunica media: muscular layer; maintain blood pressure
Tunica externa: connective tissue layer; collagen fibers

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5
Q

What are the different types of arteries?

A

Elastic, muscular, and arterioles

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6
Q

Describe the role of each type of artery

A

Elastic: largest artery; tunica media with elastic fibers
Muscular: thickest with most muscle; able to constrict and dilate
Arterioles: smallest artery; controls blood flow directly to capillary beds

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7
Q

Different types of capillaries and main function

A

Continuous: most common and found in skin, muscles, and lungs
Fenestrated: large pores to increase permeability; has a lot of holes
Sinusoid: least common and most permeable; in liver and bone marrow

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8
Q

How is blood flow controlled through capillary beds?

A

Controlled by diameter of terminal arteriole
Chemical conditions and and nerves can change flow

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9
Q

What different types of veins?

A

Venous sinuous: thin walls that hold large volume
Venous valves: prevent back flow
Varicose veins: very leaky which comes from pressure on lower limbs

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10
Q

How is blood flow maintained in veins?

A

te valves control blood and keep the blood flow in one direction

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11
Q

What does anastomoses mean?

A

Provides different pathways for blood to enter body

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12
Q

What controls blood flow and resistance to blood flow in vessels?

A

the constriction of arterioles

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13
Q

Describe each measure of blood pressure

A

Systolic: peak with ventricular contraction; first sound you hear
Diastolic: end of low pressure; maintained by elastic walls

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14
Q

How do you measure blood pressure in the clinical setting?

A

You use an inflatable cuff and and wrap it around the brachial artery

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15
Q

How is blood pressure maintained in veins?

A

It increases when skeletal muscles contract

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16
Q

Describe musclular pump

A

Skeletal muscle “milks” blood towards heart
Valves keep it from flowing back

17
Q

Describe respiratory pump

A

Abdominal pressure from breathing forces blood to the heart

18
Q

Describe sympathetic vasoconstriction

A

When smooth muscle around veins constrict

19
Q

How do hormones control blood pressure?

A

The adrenal gland releases hormones that regulate blood pressure

20
Q

What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

A

system of hormones and enzymes that regulates you blood pressure and volume on a long term basis

21
Q

What is considered low and high blood pressure?

A

Low: hypotension 90/60
High: hypertension 140+/90+

22
Q

What is and causes circulatory shock?

A

When blood vessels aren’t filled correctly

23
Q

What is hypovlemic?

A

Causes by large blood and fluid loss

24
Q

What is vascular shock?

A

Normal volume but extreme vasodilation (enhances blood to areas lacking oxygen)

25
Q

What is cardiogenic shock?

A

when the heart is inefficient

26
Q

What are the intrinsic controls for regulation of blood flow?

A

autoregulation, metabolic (chemical) factors, and myogenic (physical) factors

27
Q

How is exchange and flow regulated in the capillaries?

A

flow through capillaries with the process of vasomotion

28
Q

What causes tissue edema?

A

abnormal increase in interstitial fluid

29
Q

How to calculate mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure?

A

MAP: diastolic + pulse pressure/ 3
Pulse Pressure: systlic-diastolic

30
Q

What is capillary pressure?

A

pressure difference between two immiscible fluids

31
Q

Purpose of epinephrine and renin.

A

epinephrine: released by adrenal medulla and plays a role in metabolism
renin: enzyme produced by kidney to regulate blood pressure and homeostasis

32
Q

Purpose of the vena cava

A

collects deoxygenated blood from the whole body and brings to back to the heart for new oxygen

bi 206 :) (12 decks)

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