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Pharm II > Exam 2 - General/DOC > Flashcards

Exam 2 - General/DOC Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general uses of ACE Inhibitors, “prils”?

A
  • HF

- HTN (especially if DM, CKD, HFrEF)

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2
Q

What are the general uses of ARBs, “sartans”?

A
  • HF

- HTN

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3
Q

What are the general uses of B-blockers?

A
  • HF (only in early stages)
  • HTN
  • Angina (classic)
  • Arrhythmias
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4
Q

What is the current DOC for HF?

A

ACE Inhibitors - “prils”

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5
Q

What are the general uses of Sodium nitroprusside?

A
  • HF

- Emergency HTN

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6
Q

What are the general uses of CCBs?

A
  • HTN
  • Chronic and variant angina (except nifedipine)
  • Arrhythmias (Verapamil, Diltiazem)
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7
Q

What is the DOC for any acute anginal attack?

A

Nitrates/Nitrites (Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate)

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8
Q

What is the DOC for Li+-induced diabetes insipidus?

A

Amiloride (potassium sparing diuretic; direct inhibitor or Na influx)

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9
Q

What is the DOC for decreasing LDL levels?

A

Statins

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10
Q

What is the safest hypolipidemic drug and is good for pregnancy?

A

Cholestyramine (Bile Acid-Binding Resins)

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11
Q

What is the most effective agent in increasing HDL levels and is particularly used in patients who cannot exercise?

A

Niacin

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12
Q

What drug is very effective in hypertriglyceridemia?

A

Gemfibrozil (Fibrates)

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13
Q

What is the DOC for acute ventricular arrhythimas?

A

Lidocaine (Class 1B Anti-arrhythmic)

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14
Q

What is the 2nd line for acute treatment of PSVTs?

A

Esmolol (Class II Anti-arrhythmic)

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15
Q

What is the DOC for ventricular arrhythmias (ACLS)?

A

Amiodarone (Class III Anti-arrhythmic)

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16
Q

What is the DOC for acute PSVT?

A

Adenosine

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17
Q

What is the DOC for WPW syndrome?

A

Adenosine

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18
Q

What is the treatment order for acute PSVT?

A

1st line: Adenosine
2nd line: Esmolol
3rd line: CCBs (IV)

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19
Q

What is the treatment order for chronic PSVT?

A

1st line: B-blockers

2nd line: CCBs

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20
Q

What is the DOC for Torsade de Pointes?

A

IV Magnesium

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21
Q

What is the DOC to prevent thrombosis in patients with coronary stents?

A

Clopidogrel (Plavix), Ticagrelor (Brilinta)

- can also be used in pts allergic to aspirin

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22
Q

The following medications belong to what drug class?

  • Acetazolamide
  • Dorzolamide
  • Brinzolamide
A

CA Inhibitors (Diuretics)

“zolamide”

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23
Q

The following medications belong to what drug class?

  • Furosemide (Lasix)
  • Ethacrynic Acid
A

Loop Diuretics

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24
Q

What are the general uses for Loop diuretics?

A
  • HF
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Hypercalcemia
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25
Q

What are the general uses for Thiazide diuretics?

A
  • HTN
  • HF
  • Nephrolithiasis
  • Nephrogenic DI
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26
Q

What are the general uses for Aldosterone antagonist?

A
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Edema associated HF
  • Cirrhosis
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Hirsutism
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27
Q

What are the general uses for osmotic diuretics?

A

Prophylaxis of acute renal failure
Decrease intraocular pressure
Decrease intracranial pressure
Protect kidneys from nephrotoxins

28
Q

What is the general use of Desmopressin?

A

Central DI

29
Q

What is the general use of Conivaptan and Tolvaptan?

A

Euvolemic/hypervolemic hyponatremia
Conivaptan (hospital)
Tolvaptan (take-home)

30
Q

What drugs increase the lifespan in HF?

A 
Aldosterone antagonist
ACEI
ARBs
B-Blockers
ARNI
31
Q

B-blockers are the preferred drug for tx of HTN in what 4 conditions?

A

Angina
Post MI
Migraine
HF

32
Q

What are the general uses for dobutmaine/dopamine?

A

Short-term severe refractory HF

Dopamine is useful if an increase in BP is needed

33
Q

What are the general uses of digoxin?

A

HF (last agent used; improves exercise tolerance)

Arrhythmias

34
Q

What is the general use of Prazosin?

A

HTN (especially if BPH)

35
Q

What is the use of Labetalol?

A

HTN emergencies

HTN in pregnancy

36
Q

What is the use of carvediol?

A

HTN and HF especially after an MI

37
Q

What is the use of hydralazine?

A

Chronic therapy for severe HTN

Severe HTN or HTN emergencies in pregnancy

38
Q

What is the use of fenoldapam?

A

HTN emergencies

39
Q

What is the use of Ranolazine?

A

Angina (last choice)

40
Q

What is the use of Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil?

A

ED
Vardenafil (fastest)
Tadalafil (longest duration)

41
Q

What are the initial recommended drug for HTN?

A

Thiazide diuretics
ACEI
ARBs
CCB

42
Q

What drug is only used in combo with statins for a synergistic effect?

A

Ezetimibe

43
Q

Which anti-arrhythmics are used to increase the ERP?

A 
Class IA 
- Quinidine
- Procinamide
Class III
- Amiodarone
- Sotalol
44
Q

Which anti-arrhythmic is used to decrease the ERP?

A

Class IB

- Lidocaine

45
Q

Which anti-arrhythmic does not change the ERP?

A

Class IC

- Flecainide

46
Q

What is used to reverse heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

47
Q

What is used to reverse Dabigitran?

A

Idarucizimab

48
Q

What is used to reverse Rivaroxaban?

A

Factor Xa

49
Q

What is used to reverse Apixaban?

A

Factor Xa

50
Q

What is used to reverse Warfain?

A

Vitamin K

FFP

51
Q

What is used to reverse Anteplase?

A

Aminocarproic acid

52
Q

What anticoagulant is is safe in pregnancy?

A

LMWH

53
Q

What is the use of Dibigatran?

A

Prevention of stoke in pts with non-valvuable afib

54
Q

What is the use of Rivaroxaban and apixaban?

A
  • DVT and PE

- Prophylaxis of clots

55
Q

What is the use of Warfarin?

A

Prophylaxis of emboli (heparin co-administered in the beginning)

56
Q

What is the use of Alteplase?

A

Lysis of clots to re-establish tissue perfusion

57
Q

What is the use of antifibrolytics (aminocaprotic acid and tranexamic acid)?

A
  • Bleeding disorders (hemophilia)

- Reversal of fibrolytic therapy

58
Q

What is the use of aspirin?

A

Prevent CV events in pts with established CV disease

59
Q

What is the use of Abciximab?

A
  • Combo with heparin

- Prevent clots during an angioplasty, atherectomy, and stent placement

60
Q

Which drugs are metabolized by CYP3A4?

A

Eplerenone
Sildenafil
Statins

61
Q

Which drugs are metabolized by CYP2C9?

A

Sildenafil

62
Q

Which drugs are metabolized by CYP450s?

A

Statins

63
Q

Which drugs are contraindicated in diabetics?

A 
Hydrochlorothiazide
Metolazone
Indapamide
Niacin
B-blockers
64
Q

Which drugs are safe in pregnancy?

A 
Methylodopa (HTN)
Labetaolol (HTN)
Nifedipine (HTN)
Hydralazine (HTN)
Cholestyramine (hyperlipidemia)
LMWH (anti-cogag)
65
Q

Which drugs are metabolized by CYP2C19?

A

Clopidogrel (caution use with omeprazole)

Pharm II (10 decks)

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