EXAM 2 - Environmental Policy and More (Lab Questions)

Question 1

The National Forest Management Act of 1976 focused on?

Answer 1

consideration of environmental and economic factors

Question 2

define policy

Answer 2

a formal set of general plans and principles

Question 3

define public policy

Answer 3

policy made by GOVERNMENT at local, state, federal, or international levels

Question 4

define environmental policy

Answer 4

policy that pertains to human interactions w the ENVIRONMENT

Question 5

describe the tragedy of the commons

Answer 5

need RESTRICTION of USE and ACTIVE MANAGEMENT

Question 6

describe free riders

Answer 6

voluntary efforts often not effective

Question 7

describe external costs

Answer 7

ensures that some people do not benefit from common resources in ways that harm others

Question 8

regulations are viewed as what?

Answer 8

they are viewed as RESTRICTIVE by business

Question 9

summarize the first wave in 4 pts

Answer 9

• push natives onto reservations
• divide the land into squares (36)
• travel west
• farm, log, mine

Question 10

summarize the second wave in 2 pts

Answer 10

• notice all the farming, logging, and mining create LAND RESERVES
• build lots of dams

Question 11

summarize the third wave in 3 pts

Answer 11

• build factories and power plants (no environmental regulations)
• notice that there is a LOT of pollution
• pass some laws to LIMIT the pollution

Question 12

the first wave of US environmental policy promoted what?

Answer 12

promoted development and development of the west

Question 13

describe general land ordinances (1785-1787)

Answer 13

divided west into giant square aka TOWNSHIP AND RANGE SYSTEM

Question 14

describe each township/range

Answer 14

• each was divided into 36 sections
• each section divided into 4 quadrants

Question 15

summarize the first wave in a SENTENCE

Answer 15

laws encouraged settlers, entrepreneurs and land speculators to move west and exploit the frontier

Question 16

describe the homestead act of 1862

Answer 16

160 for $16, stay for 5 years and make house or farm

Question 17

describe general mining act 1872

Answer 17

$5 per acre for mining claims, no government supervision = BAD

Question 18

describe the timber culture act 1873

Answer 18

• get another 160 acres IF u plant 1/4 of land w trees
• grass is not useful to cultivating
• encourages planting of trees

Question 19

what did the second wave of US environmental policy do?

Answer 19

it encouraged CONSERVATION

Question 20

what happened in 1872?

Answer 20

yellowstone becomes the first national park in the work

Question 21

what was created (legally wise) by westward expansion?

Answer 21

laws designed to mitigate problems created by westward expansion

Question 22

what did john muir advocate for?

Answer 22

PRESERVATION ETHIC

Question 23

gifford pinchot was associated w?

Answer 23

linked w the CONSERVATION MOVEMENT and the START of the forest service

Question 24

what happened in 1962?

Answer 24

rachel carson wrote silent spring

Question 25

what happened in 1950-1960s?

Answer 25

cuyahoga river, ohio, catches FIRE more than a DOZEN times

Question 26

rachel carson wrote her poem about what?

Answer 26

hazardous artificial pesticides

Question 27

what is NEPA?

Answer 27

National Environmental Policy Act signed by nixon

Question 28

describe the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Answer 28

reports results from detailed studies on environmental effects of development

Question 29

describe the EIS Process

Answer 29

- EIS required for any major federal action - incentive to lessen environmental damage - gives citizens input in the process

Question 30

describe what EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) does

Answer 30

- conduct and evaluate research - monitor environmental quality - set and enforce pollution stands - assist states in meeting standards - educates the public

Question 31

define green taxes

Answer 31

charges on environmentally harmful products or activities

Question 32

define subsidy

Answer 32

government giveaway of money or resources intended to encourage a particular industry activity

Question 33

what are examples of a subsidy?

Answer 33

- general mining act - USFS - fossil fuels

Question 34

what are two methods of political interference ?

Answer 34

- direct interference - indirect interference

Question 35

describe direct interference

Answer 35

- scientific results are suppressed, selectively withheld, or purposely delayed in release - qualified scientists get rejected due to political beliefs - government scientists are silenced, muzzled, or intimidated

Question 36

describe indirect interference

Answer 36

- reducing transparency - SIDELINING science from the DECISION MAKING process - limiting access to information