Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology of Disease > Exam 2 Endocrine Lab > Flashcards

Exam 2 Endocrine Lab Flashcards

1
Q

______ feedback mechanisms are important in regulating hormone secretion, synthesis and effectiveness at target cells. It ensures that, if the bdy needs a particular hormone that hormone will be produced until there is too much of it. When there is too much of the hormone its release is inhibited

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

positive feedback mechanism was

A

oxytocin from the posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The broad range of biochemical reactions ocurring in the body is

A

metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

swelling of the thyroid in the neck is called a _____

A

goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the type of hormones, often secreted by the hypothalamus or pituitary that stimulate the release of other hormones are referred to as _______ hormones

A

tropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TRH travels to the pituitary via the_____

A

hypothalamic pituitary portal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TRH is released from the

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If a rat used 5 ml of oxyen per minute that rat’s oxygen consumption/hour was

____ in ml or cc/hour

A

300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

if a rat used 5 ml of oxyen per minute

and the same rat weighed 300 grams

that rat’s metabolic rate in ml oxygen/Kg/hr would be

____ in ml or cc/hour

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the basal metabolic rate of the hypophsectomized rat (rat 3-no pituitary gland) and the thyroidectomized rat (rat 2, no thyroid) compared with the BMR of a normal rat

A

both the rat without a thyroid and the rat without a pituitary had slower BMR than that of a normal rat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prior to injecting thyroxine into the 3 subject rats (normal, without thyroid, without pituitary) you were asked to predict what would happen if you injected thyroxine into each rat

A

the normal rat became hyperthyroid but did not develop a goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what would happen after you injected TSH into the 3 rats

A

the normal rat became hyperthyroid and developed a goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prior to injecting PTU, a medicine that inhibits production of thyroxine, thyroid hormone, into the 3 subject rats (normal, without thyroid, without pituitary) you were asked to predict what would happen if you injected PTU into each rat.

A

the normal rat became hypothyroid and developed a goiter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how would you treat an animal without a pituitary galnd so that it’s metabolic rate functions like a “normal” animal

A

supplement with TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how would you treat an animal without a thyroid so that it functions like a “normal” animal

A

supplement with T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the hormone that most directly stimulates the release of TRH is deficiency of______________ hormone

A

thyroid (T3, T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Due to the missing hormone a rat without a pituitary would expect to have which symptome RELATED TO the thyroid system

A

decreased BMR

18
Q

an injection of thyroxine to an otherwise normal rat should cause

A

decrease TSH

decrease TRH

19
Q

the rat with the fastest BMR was

A

the normal rat after the thyroxine injection

20
Q

what difference in levels of TRH, TSH, and T4 , if any, that you would see

between a normal rat

and

a rat without a pituitary gland

A 
A rat without a pituitary would have
High TRH
low TSH (absent)
Low T4
relative to the normal rat
21
Q

in this experiment the normal rat developed a palpable goiter after the supraphysiologic TSH injection

A

TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated

22
Q

what effect does TSH have on a animal that has no thyroid on T4 level?

What about on TRH levels?

A

No effect on the thyroid, it may lower TRH from the hypothalamus

TSH is a tropic hormone it has no effect on body cells. The only receptors for TSH, that we know of are on the hypothalamus and the thyroid. TSH should stimulate T4 release but decrease TRH release. How much it affects TRH is affected by the amount of T4 present

23
Q

An injection of large amounts PTU to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following

A

hypothyroidism and goiter development

24
Q

A TSH injection was given to an animal without a pituitary

What affect does this have on T4 levels?

What about on TRH levels?

A

TSH injection will replace the missing hormone in an animal without a pituitary

So T4 should rise

TRH should fall both due to the T4 and the TSH

25
Q

Why did PTU injection lead to a goiter in the normal rat

A

by destroying the ability of the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone thyroid hormone serum level drops

this signals the hypothalamus to produce more TRH and the pituitary, both from more TRH and low T4, to produce more TSH.

TSH tells the thyroid to work harder: to hypertrophy. This is a goiter

26
Q

Insulin is a hormone produced by the ______ cells of the pancreas

A

beta

27
Q

glucose is stored as _____

A

glycogen

28
Q

a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that

A

the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin

29
Q

a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that

A

all the cells of the body are unresponsive to insulin

30
Q

to maintain plasma glucose homeostasis

A

insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise

31
Q

if a patient has an elevated fasting blood sugar of 200 can you diagnose diabetes mellitus and if so can you tell if the patient is type 1 or type 2.

A

You can diagnose diabetes mellitus but you will be unable to differentiate, from the test alone, whether it is type 1 or type 2. This is because there is no way to tell if the patient is not releasing enough insulin (Type 1) or if the receptors are not responding to insulin being secreted (type 2)

32
Q

increased levels of cortisol _________feed back to inhibit the release of both ACTH and CRH

A

negatively

33
Q

under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted CRH increases, then

A

the amount of secreted ACTH will increase

34
Q

under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted ACTH increases, then

A

the amount of secreted CRH will likely decrease

35
Q

under normal conditions, if the amount of secreted cortisol increases, then

A

the amount of secreted ACTH will decrease

36
Q

A pituitary tumor that secretes excess hormone should lead to

A

Cushing’s Disease

37
Q

If the adrenal cortex starts to HYPERsecrete then you would expect

A

abnormally low CRH due to negative feedback

38
Q

In a patient with Addison’s disease -primary adrenal insufficiency, which means the abnormality is in the adrenal gland.

You would find

A

abnormally high levels of ACTH

39
Q

In a patient with Secondary adrenal insufficiency, which means the abnormality is in the pituitary.

A

abnormally high CRH

40
Q

cortisol is high from an outside source. this is referred to as_________

A

iatrogenic

Physiology of Disease (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions