Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards
Unfractionated Heparin (UFH)
Class: heparin
Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE
MOA: suppress fibrin formation (thrombin and factor Xa)
daltePARIN (Fragmin)
Class: LMWH “-parin”
Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE, acute coronary syndromes
MOA: preferential Xa inactivation
fondaprinux (Arixtra)
Class: factor Xa inhibitor
Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE
MOA: highly selective Xa inactivation (does not inhibit thrombin at all)
warfarin (Coumadin)
Class: vit K antagonist
Use: prophylaxis and Tx of VTE, thrombosis, stroke, recurrent TIA and MI
MOA: block synthesis of factors VII, XI, X and prothrombin
dabigatran etexilate (Pradax)
prodrug
Class: direct thrombin inhibitor (DOAC)
Use: VTE and stroke prophylaxis
MOA: inhibition of thrombin
rivaroxABAN (Xaralto)
Class: direct factor Xa inhibitor (DOAC) “-aban”
Use: VTE and stroke prophylaxis
MOA: block factor Xa interaction with prothrombin
Aspirin (low dose)
Class: antiplatelet
Use: prophylaxis and tx of VTE, thrombosis, stroke, recurrent TIA and MI
MOA: suppress platelet aggregation by irreversible inhibition of COX
clopidogrel (Plavix)
prodrug
Class: antiplatelet, COX inhibitor
Use: prophylaxis of stroke
MOA: block ADP receptor, prevent platelet aggregation
ticlopidine
Class: ADP receptor antagonist, antiplatelet
Abciximab
Tirofiban
Eptifibatide
GP IIb/IIa receptor antagonist (anti-platelet)
Humulin R
Novolin ge
Class: short-acting (regular) insulin
Use: control prandial glucose
MOA: turns off production of glucose in liver and stimulates glucose uptake in muscles
lispro (Humalog)
aspart (NovoRapid)
glulisine (Apidra)
Class: rapid acting insulin analog
Use: control prandial glucose (higher peak, better control)
MOA: turns off glucose production in liver and stimulate glucose uptake in muscle
Humulin N
Novolin ge NPH
Class: intermediate acting insulin
Use: control glucose (delayed onset, extended duration of action)
Glargine (Lantus, Basaglar)
detemir (levemir)
Class: long acting insulin analog
Use: control glucose
MOA: slowly release insulin over 24 hrs, no peak effect, basal insulin
degludec (Tresiba)
Class: ultra long acting insulin analog
Use: control glucose
MOA: long duration of action, up to 42 hours
metformin
Class: non-insulin oral hypoglycemic agent
Use: lowers FPG and PPG
MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin action (glucose uptake)
pioGLITAZONE (Actos)
Class: thiazolidinediones, oral hypoglycemic agent “-glitazones”
Use: lower FPG and PPG
MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase glucose update
glyburide (Diabeta)
Class: sulfonylureas, oral hypoglycemic agent
Use: lowers FPG and PPG
MOA: increase pancreatic insulin secretion
repaGLINIDE (gluconorm)
Class: meglitinides, oral hypoglycemic “-glinide”
Use: lowers PPG
MOA: increase pancreatic insulin secretion
sitaGLIPTIN (Januvia)
Class: DPP-4 inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic “-gliptin”
Use: lowers PPG
MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin and decrease glucagon secretion in pancreas, decrease glucose and fat absorption in intestine
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Class: GLP-1 agonist, oral hypoglycemic
Use: lowers PPG
MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin and decrease glucagon secretion in pancreas, decrease glucose and fat absorption in intestine
canaGLIFOZIN (Invokana)
Class: sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic
Use: lower FPG and PPG
MOA: increase glucose excretion in kidney
acarbose (Glucobay)
Class: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic
Use: lower PPG
MOA: inhibit gut enzyme to slow carbohydrate digestion
methotrexate
Class: antimetabolites - folate analog
Use: growth phase neoplasm
MOA: prevent conversion of folic acid to active form - prevent DNA synthesis in S phase
Fluorouracil (5-FU) - IV
Capecitabine (Xeloda) - PO
Class: antimetabolite - pyrimidine (uracil) analog
Use: growth phase neoplasm
MOA: inhibit key enzymes needed to make DNA during S phase
VINcristine (Oncovin)
Class: mitotic inhibitor - vinca alkaloids “vin-“
Use: growth phase neoplasm
MOA: prevent cell division, inhibit M phase
paclitaxel (Taxol)
Class: mitotic inhibitor - taxanes
Use: growth phase neoplasm
MOA: prevent cell division, inhibit M phase
irinotecan (camptosar)
Class: topoisomerase I inhibitor
Use: growth phase neoplasm
MOA: prevent DNA replication in S phase
etoposide (Vepesid)
Class: topoisomerase II inhibitor
Use: growth phase neoplasm
MOA: prevent DNA replication and repair in S phase
cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Class: alkylating agent, cell cycle nonspecific cytotoxic drug
Use: neoplasm
MOA: injuries and prevents DNA replication
cisPLATIN
Class: platinum compound, cell cycle nonspecific cytotoxic drug “-platin”
Use: neoplasm
MOA: injuries and prevents DNA replication
doxoRUBICIN (Adriamycin)
Class: antitumour antibiotics, anthracyclines “-rubicin”
Use: neoplasm
MOA: disrupt DNA structure, prevent DNA repair
bleomycin
Class: antitumour antibiotics, nonanthracyclines
Use: neoplasm
MOA: disrupt DNA structure, prevent DNA repair
tamoxifen
Class: hormone antagonist, anti-estrogen
Use: estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
MOA: estrogen antagonist but agonist in bone and uterus tissue
anastrozole (Arimidex)
Class: aromatase inhibitor
Use: estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
MOA: blocks enzyme called aromatase, inhibits conversion of androgens to estrogen
corticosteroids use
- antiemetic
- prevent hypersensitivity reaction
- prevent edema
interferon alpha (Intron-A)
Class: biologic response modifiers
Use: neoplasm
MOA: immunomodulatory effect on tumour cells, NK cells, T cells and macrophages
trastuzuMAB (Herceptin)
Class: monoclonal antibodies “-mab”
Use: breast cancer
MOA: Mab against HER2 (human epidermal growth factor-2), inhibit cell growth
rituxiMAB (Rituxan)
Class: monoclonal antibodies “-mab”
Use: leukemia, lymphoma
MOA: bind to CD20 antigen causing cell lysis
imatiNIB (Gleevec)
Class: small molecule drugs “-nib”
Use: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
MOA: inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, impact cell signalling and survival
Aspirin
Class: first generation NSAID, acetylsalicyclic acid
Use: pain, inflammation, prevent MI/stroke, antipyretic, antiplatelet
MOA: inhibit COX-1 and COX-2
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
naproxen (Aleve)
Rx: ketorolac (Toradol)
Class: first generation NSAID
Use: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
MOA: inhibit COX-1 and COX-2
celecoxib (Celebrex)
Class: second generation NSAID, coxibs, COX-2 inhibitor
Use: suppress pain and inflammation
MOA: inhibit COX-2
diclofenac (Volteran emulgel)
Rx: Pennsaid
Class: topical NSAID
Use: osteoarthritis, joint/muscle pain
acetaminophen (Tylenol, Paracetamol)
Class: COX-inhibitor
Use: analgesic, antipyretic
MOA: inhibit COX in CNS, not periphery
epoetin alfa (Eprex)
darbepoetin (Aranesp)
Class: erythropoiesis stimulating agent
Use: anemia in CKD
MOA: increase release of reticulocytes from bone marrow causing serum Hgb to rise
ferrous sulfate
ferrous gluconate
ferrous fumarate
iron dextran iron sucrose (Venofer)
Class: iron supplements
Use: anemia of CKD, use with epoetin alfa
MOA: iron is needed for Hgb to bind oxygen to RBC
calcium carbonate
Class: phosphate binder, calcium
Use: hyperphosphatemia of CKD, hypocalcemia
MOA: binds to dietary P in GI tract to decrease absorption and increase fecal elimination
sevelamer (Renagel)
Class: phosphate binder
Use: hyperphosphatemia of CKD
MOA: binds to dietary P in GI tract to decrease absorption and increase fecal elimination
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
calcitriol
rocaltrol
Class: active vitamin D
Use: hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism in CKD
MOA: increase calcium absorption, suppress PTH synthesis
