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NUR370 Pathophysiology and Pharmacology > Exam 2 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Unfractionated Heparin (UFH)

A

Class: heparin

Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE

MOA: suppress fibrin formation (thrombin and factor Xa)

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2
Q

daltePARIN (Fragmin)

A

Class: LMWH “-parin”

Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE, acute coronary syndromes

MOA: preferential Xa inactivation

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3
Q

fondaprinux (Arixtra)

A

Class: factor Xa inhibitor

Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE

MOA: highly selective Xa inactivation (does not inhibit thrombin at all)

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4
Q

warfarin (Coumadin)

A

Class: vit K antagonist

Use: prophylaxis and Tx of VTE, thrombosis, stroke, recurrent TIA and MI

MOA: block synthesis of factors VII, XI, X and prothrombin

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5
Q

dabigatran etexilate (Pradax)

prodrug

A

Class: direct thrombin inhibitor (DOAC)

Use: VTE and stroke prophylaxis

MOA: inhibition of thrombin

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6
Q

rivaroxABAN (Xaralto)

A

Class: direct factor Xa inhibitor (DOAC) “-aban”

Use: VTE and stroke prophylaxis

MOA: block factor Xa interaction with prothrombin

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7
Q

Aspirin (low dose)

A

Class: antiplatelet

Use: prophylaxis and tx of VTE, thrombosis, stroke, recurrent TIA and MI

MOA: suppress platelet aggregation by irreversible inhibition of COX

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8
Q

clopidogrel (Plavix)

prodrug

A

Class: antiplatelet, COX inhibitor

Use: prophylaxis of stroke

MOA: block ADP receptor, prevent platelet aggregation

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9
Q

ticlopidine

A

Class: ADP receptor antagonist, antiplatelet

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10
Q

Abciximab
Tirofiban
Eptifibatide

A

GP IIb/IIa receptor antagonist (anti-platelet)

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11
Q

Humulin R

Novolin ge

A

Class: short-acting (regular) insulin

Use: control prandial glucose

MOA: turns off production of glucose in liver and stimulates glucose uptake in muscles

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12
Q

lispro (Humalog)
aspart (NovoRapid)
glulisine (Apidra)

A

Class: rapid acting insulin analog

Use: control prandial glucose (higher peak, better control)

MOA: turns off glucose production in liver and stimulate glucose uptake in muscle

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13
Q

Humulin N

Novolin ge NPH

A

Class: intermediate acting insulin

Use: control glucose (delayed onset, extended duration of action)

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14
Q

Glargine (Lantus, Basaglar)

detemir (levemir)

A

Class: long acting insulin analog

Use: control glucose

MOA: slowly release insulin over 24 hrs, no peak effect, basal insulin

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15
Q

degludec (Tresiba)

A

Class: ultra long acting insulin analog

Use: control glucose

MOA: long duration of action, up to 42 hours

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16
Q

metformin

A

Class: non-insulin oral hypoglycemic agent

Use: lowers FPG and PPG

MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin action (glucose uptake)

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17
Q

pioGLITAZONE (Actos)

A

Class: thiazolidinediones, oral hypoglycemic agent “-glitazones”

Use: lower FPG and PPG

MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase glucose update

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18
Q

glyburide (Diabeta)

A

Class: sulfonylureas, oral hypoglycemic agent

Use: lowers FPG and PPG

MOA: increase pancreatic insulin secretion

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19
Q

repaGLINIDE (gluconorm)

A

Class: meglitinides, oral hypoglycemic “-glinide”

Use: lowers PPG

MOA: increase pancreatic insulin secretion

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20
Q

sitaGLIPTIN (Januvia)

A

Class: DPP-4 inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic “-gliptin”

Use: lowers PPG

MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin and decrease glucagon secretion in pancreas, decrease glucose and fat absorption in intestine

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21
Q

Liraglutide (Victoza)

A

Class: GLP-1 agonist, oral hypoglycemic

Use: lowers PPG

MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin and decrease glucagon secretion in pancreas, decrease glucose and fat absorption in intestine

22
Q

canaGLIFOZIN (Invokana)

A

Class: sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic

Use: lower FPG and PPG

MOA: increase glucose excretion in kidney

23
Q

acarbose (Glucobay)

A

Class: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic

Use: lower PPG

MOA: inhibit gut enzyme to slow carbohydrate digestion

24
Q

methotrexate

A

Class: antimetabolites - folate analog

Use: growth phase neoplasm

MOA: prevent conversion of folic acid to active form - prevent DNA synthesis in S phase

25
Q

Fluorouracil (5-FU) - IV

Capecitabine (Xeloda) - PO

A

Class: antimetabolite - pyrimidine (uracil) analog

Use: growth phase neoplasm

MOA: inhibit key enzymes needed to make DNA during S phase

26
Q

VINcristine (Oncovin)

A

Class: mitotic inhibitor - vinca alkaloids “vin-“

Use: growth phase neoplasm

MOA: prevent cell division, inhibit M phase

27
Q

paclitaxel (Taxol)

A

Class: mitotic inhibitor - taxanes

Use: growth phase neoplasm

MOA: prevent cell division, inhibit M phase

28
Q

irinotecan (camptosar)

A

Class: topoisomerase I inhibitor

Use: growth phase neoplasm

MOA: prevent DNA replication in S phase

29
Q

etoposide (Vepesid)

A

Class: topoisomerase II inhibitor

Use: growth phase neoplasm

MOA: prevent DNA replication and repair in S phase

30
Q

cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

A

Class: alkylating agent, cell cycle nonspecific cytotoxic drug

Use: neoplasm

MOA: injuries and prevents DNA replication

31
Q

cisPLATIN

A

Class: platinum compound, cell cycle nonspecific cytotoxic drug “-platin”

Use: neoplasm

MOA: injuries and prevents DNA replication

32
Q

doxoRUBICIN (Adriamycin)

A

Class: antitumour antibiotics, anthracyclines “-rubicin”

Use: neoplasm

MOA: disrupt DNA structure, prevent DNA repair

33
Q

bleomycin

A

Class: antitumour antibiotics, nonanthracyclines

Use: neoplasm

MOA: disrupt DNA structure, prevent DNA repair

34
Q

tamoxifen

A

Class: hormone antagonist, anti-estrogen

Use: estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

MOA: estrogen antagonist but agonist in bone and uterus tissue

35
Q

anastrozole (Arimidex)

A

Class: aromatase inhibitor

Use: estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

MOA: blocks enzyme called aromatase, inhibits conversion of androgens to estrogen

36
Q

corticosteroids use

A
  • antiemetic
  • prevent hypersensitivity reaction
  • prevent edema
37
Q

interferon alpha (Intron-A)

A

Class: biologic response modifiers

Use: neoplasm

MOA: immunomodulatory effect on tumour cells, NK cells, T cells and macrophages

38
Q

trastuzuMAB (Herceptin)

A

Class: monoclonal antibodies “-mab”

Use: breast cancer

MOA: Mab against HER2 (human epidermal growth factor-2), inhibit cell growth

39
Q

rituxiMAB (Rituxan)

A

Class: monoclonal antibodies “-mab”

Use: leukemia, lymphoma

MOA: bind to CD20 antigen causing cell lysis

40
Q

imatiNIB (Gleevec)

A

Class: small molecule drugs “-nib”

Use: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

MOA: inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, impact cell signalling and survival

41
Q

Aspirin

A

Class: first generation NSAID, acetylsalicyclic acid

Use: pain, inflammation, prevent MI/stroke, antipyretic, antiplatelet

MOA: inhibit COX-1 and COX-2

42
Q

ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
naproxen (Aleve)

Rx: ketorolac (Toradol)

A

Class: first generation NSAID

Use: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic

MOA: inhibit COX-1 and COX-2

43
Q

celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

Class: second generation NSAID, coxibs, COX-2 inhibitor

Use: suppress pain and inflammation

MOA: inhibit COX-2

44
Q

diclofenac (Volteran emulgel)

Rx: Pennsaid

A

Class: topical NSAID

Use: osteoarthritis, joint/muscle pain

45
Q

acetaminophen (Tylenol, Paracetamol)

A

Class: COX-inhibitor

Use: analgesic, antipyretic

MOA: inhibit COX in CNS, not periphery

46
Q

epoetin alfa (Eprex)

darbepoetin (Aranesp)

A

Class: erythropoiesis stimulating agent

Use: anemia in CKD

MOA: increase release of reticulocytes from bone marrow causing serum Hgb to rise

47
Q

ferrous sulfate
ferrous gluconate
ferrous fumarate

iron dextran
iron sucrose (Venofer)
A

Class: iron supplements

Use: anemia of CKD, use with epoetin alfa

MOA: iron is needed for Hgb to bind oxygen to RBC

48
Q

calcium carbonate

A

Class: phosphate binder, calcium

Use: hyperphosphatemia of CKD, hypocalcemia

MOA: binds to dietary P in GI tract to decrease absorption and increase fecal elimination

49
Q

sevelamer (Renagel)

A

Class: phosphate binder

Use: hyperphosphatemia of CKD

MOA: binds to dietary P in GI tract to decrease absorption and increase fecal elimination

50
Q

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
calcitriol
rocaltrol

A

Class: active vitamin D

Use: hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism in CKD

MOA: increase calcium absorption, suppress PTH synthesis

NUR370 Pathophysiology and Pharmacology (20 decks)

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