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Biochem 2 > Exam 2 - DNA > Flashcards

Exam 2 - DNA Flashcards

1
Q

__________ first person to isolate and describe the material that we now call DNA from pus cells of surgical patients

A

Friedrich Miescher

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2
Q

(T/F) Meischer found that DNA contained phosphorus and nitrogen in a “unique” ratio like proteins

A

False

ratio, yes. but not like proteins

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3
Q

Which of the ff is false about Meischer’s findings about DNA?
a. speculated that the material functioned in the storage of phosphorus
for cells
b. Named the extracted material “nuclein”
c. detected it in yeast, liver, kidney, and nucleated blood cells
d. nature of the precipitate was similar to some known
proteins

A

D

it’s unlike any other proteins

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4
Q

_______ demonstrated that DNA is the carrier of genetic information using bacterial transformation of pneumococcal cells

A

Frederick Griffith

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5
Q

Credited for the discovery of DNA

a. R. Franklin
b. Hershey and Chase
c. Meischer
d. Griffith

A

C

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6
Q

which of the ff is false about Griffith’s experiments on DNA?

a. bacteria exist in two formsthat differed in the nature of their capsules and virulence
b. the S-form is the lethal form
c. the S-form is the nonlethal form
d. the R-form is the nonlethal form

A

C

S = lethal!

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7
Q

(T/F) according to Griffith’s experiments, the S-form can be transformed into the R-form

A

False

R to S (nonlethal to lethal)

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8
Q

(T/F) according to Griffith’s experiment, when the heat killed S-form is injected into mouse, it caused the transformation of the live R-form

A

true

Coinjection of heat killed
S and live R forms were lethal

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9
Q

Which of the following is false about Avery, McCarty and Macleod’s findings on DNA?

a. reported that the “transforming principle or substance” was DNA
b. DNA was not destroyed by proteases, lipases or ribonuclease
c. DNA is precipitated by alcohol, like carbohydrates
d. DNA is high in molecular weight

A

C

not like carbs!

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10
Q

_____ scientist that worked on Diplococcus pneumoniae at Rockefeller Institute

A

Oswald Avery

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11
Q

________ deterimined the determine composition of

the genetic material of bacteriophage using the blender experiment

A

Hershey and Chase

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12
Q

(T/F) bacteriophage replicate by injecting their DNA into bacteria

A

true

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13
Q

(T/F) In Hershey and Chase’s experiments on bacteriophage, they found that 32P labeled DNA was found in the cells and 35S labeled proteins in the external phage coats were found in the supernatant

A

true

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14
Q

which is false about Hershey and Chase’s experiments?

a. Nucleic acids minimally contain sulfur
b. phage DNA labeled bacteria produced progeny phage
c. radioactive phosphorus (32 P) labels nucleic acid
d. radioactive sulfur ( 35 S) which labels proteins

A

A

DNA has no sulfur!

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15
Q

_______ described the double helix structure

A

Watson and Crick

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16
Q

_______ studied DNA structure using x-ray diffraction

A

R. Franklin and M. Wilkins

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17
Q

_______ found that the four DNA bases occurred in varying proportions in
DNA’s of different organisms but number of A’s = T’s and number of G’s = C’s

A

Erwin Chargaff

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18
Q

______ and ____ methods used by Chargaff to separate the bases and measure their amounts

A

paper chromatography and spectophotometry

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19
Q

which of the ff does not apply to nucleic acids (DNA) structure?

a. RNA is not a polymer
b. DNA subunits are monomeric nucleotides
c. nucleotides have nitrogenous base and phosphate group
d. nucleotides have five carbon sugar group

A

A

RNA and DNA are nucleic acid polymers!

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20
Q

(T/F) Nucleosides consist of only the nitrogenous base covalently linked to the
sugar

A

true

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21
Q

(T/F) Nucleic acids are monomers with nucleotide subunits

A

false

are polymers!

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22
Q

(T/F) nucleotide subunits or DNA have a nitrogenous base, phosphate group and sugar vs RNA that has a nitrogenous base and sugar only

A

False

DNA and RNA have nitrogenous base, phosphate group and five carbon sugar group

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23
Q

which of the ff is not part of a nitrogenous group in DNA?

a. Cytosine
b. Thymine
c. Uracil
d. guanine

A

C

uracil only found in RNA

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24
Q

which of the ff is not part of a nitrogenous group in RNA?

a. Cytosine
b. Thymine
c. Uracil
d. guanine

A

B

thymine only found in DNA

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25
Q

which of the ff is a mismatch?

a. pyrimidine - adenine
b. purine - guanine
c. cytosine - DNA and RNA
d. uracil - RNA

A

A

pyrimidine = cytosine, thymine, uracil

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26
Q

which of the ff is a purine?

a. cytosine
b. uracil
c. thymine
d. adenine

A

D

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27
Q

which of the ff is a mismatch?

a. pyrimidine - uracil
b. thymine - DNA only
c. purine - guanine
d. pyrimidine - cytosine

A

none of the above :)

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28
Q

(T/F) purines adenine and guanine are found in both DNA and RNA

A

true

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29
Q

(T/F) pyrimidines cytosine and thymine are both found in RNA

A

FALSE

cytosine = DNA and RNA
thymine = DNA only
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30
Q

(T/F) pyrimidines cytosine and uracil are both found in RNA

A

true

31
Q

(T/F) RNA contains β-D-ribose, a hydroxylated 2’ carbon that forms a ribonucleoside

A

true

32
Q

(T/F) DNA contains β-D-deoxyribose, a hydroxylated 2’ carbon that forms a deoxyribonucleoside

A

false

2’ carbon NOT hydroxylated

33
Q

____ a bond where a nitrogen of a base is linked to the same carbon (C-1’)
used in sugar sugar
bonds

A

N- glycosidic linkage or bond

34
Q

_____ is made up of nucleosides in which a phosphate group is joined to the C5’hydroxyl group of a ribonucleoside

A

ribonucleotides

35
Q

_____ nucleosides in which a phosphate group is joined to the C5’ hydroxyl group of a deoxyribonucleoside

A

deoxyribonucleotides

36
Q

(T/F) Nucleotides are named for the parent nucleoside with the suffix “monophosphate” added along with the number of the carbon bearing the hydroxyl
group atom to which the phosphate group is esterified

A

true

37
Q

which of the ff is NOT a ribonucleotide?

a. adenylate
b. Guanylate
c. Uridylate
d. Thymylate
e. Cytidylate

A

D

there’s no such thing. remember its a RIBOnucleotide!

38
Q

which of the ff is NOT a deoxyribonucleotide?

a. deoxyadenylate
b. deoxyguanylate
c. deoxyuridylate
d. deoxythymidylate
e. deoxycytidylate

A

C

this is only in ribonucleotides

39
Q

_____ the nucleotide bond that is formed by the joining of phosphodiester linkages between the hydroxyl groups of the 5’ and 3’ carbon atoms of adjacent residues

A

3’,5’phosphodiester bond

40
Q

(T/F) the phosphate groups of nucleotides are negatively charged

A

true

41
Q

(T/F) Nucleic acids have a chemical polarity, indicated to in the DNA or RNA chain by referring to one end as
the 5’ end and the other as the 3’ end

A

true

42
Q

_____ the alternating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate linkages that is constant but with differing bases

A

sugar-phosphate backbone

43
Q

(T/F) the bases of the sugar-phosphate backbone encodes the genetic information

A

true

44
Q

____ the bond between the bases that joins the complementary strands of the DNA double helix

A

hydrogen bonds

45
Q

(T/F) the polarity of the DNA strands run parallel to each other

A

false

is antiparallel

46
Q

which of the ff is not true about the structure of DNA?
a. bulkier two-ring
pyrimidine base is paired with a single-ring purine base
b. base pairing is energetically favorable
c. sugar-phosphate
backbones are equal distance apart
d.

A

A

bulkier two-ring = purine
single ring = pyrimidine

47
Q

(T/F) three hydrogen bonds form between A and T , whereas two
hydrogen bonds form between G and C

A

false

48
Q

(T/F) an unlinked -OH group is found in both 3’ ends and 5’ ends of the DNA strand

A

false

at 3’ end= unlinked -OH at 3C sugar ring
at 5’ end, free phosphate group is attached to 5’C of sugar ring

49
Q

which of the ff is false about the DNA structure?

a. One complete turn of the helix spans 10 base pairs
b. a turn of the helix is 34Å
(3. 4 nm)
c. phosphate groups attract Na + and Mg 2+ and positively charged basic proteins
d. Empty spaces called “grooves” occur on both sides of the helix

A

all is true :)

50
Q

(T/F) Proteins that regulate gene expression require access to the H-bonds
between base pairs in the interior of the DNA helix in order to recognize specific nucleotide sequence

A

false

specific nucleotide sequences of DNA is recognized thru info on the outside of the helix

51
Q

(T/F) the outer surface of the helix presents distinctive patterns of Hbond donors and acceptors, and
hydrophobic areas for proteins to recognize in both grooves but the most bind to the minor groove

A

false

binds to the MAJOR groove, this shows significant patterns

52
Q

(T/F) In major groove, each of the four base pair
arrangements projects a unique pattern of features
while in the minor groove patterns are similar for the base pairs

A

true

53
Q

_____ proteins that function in gene regulation by binding specific DNA sequences on the major groove

A

helix-turn-helix motif

54
Q

_____ the DNA terminal that is called the recognition helix because it regulates sequence-specific binding of protein to the DNA

A

carboxy-terminal portion

55
Q

which is DNA conformation is found in dehydrated DNA samples, may occur in vivo or an artifact of preparation?

a. A-DNA
b. Z-DNA
c. B-DNA

A

A

56
Q 
which is DNA conformation  can occur in vivo and may be produced from B-DNA
by rotating the base pairs 180 degrees?
a. A-DNA
b. Z-DNA
c. B-DNA
A

B

57
Q

which is DNA conformation has a zigzag appearance when rotated?

a. A-DNA
b. Z-DNA
c. B-DNA

A

B

58
Q

which is DNA conformation has their base pairs tilted instead of perpendicular to helix axis ?

a. A-DNA
b. Z-DNA
c. B-DNA

A

A

59
Q

which is DNA conformation are right handed helixes?

a. A-DNA
b. Z-DNA
c. B-DNA

A

A and C

60
Q

which is DNA conformation is the major type found in nature?

a. A-DNA
b. Z-DNA
c. B-DNA

A

C

61
Q

(T/F) DNA have very regular

structure with little variation

A

false

62
Q

(T/F) most DNA sequences have local irregularities that gives it greater variability, are recognized by DNA binding proteins and impt in gene regulation

A

true

63
Q

_______ a classic method used in DNA sequencing

A

Dideoxy Method

64
Q

_____ developed the classic method used for DNA sequencing

A

Coulson and Sanger

65
Q

(T/F) in the dideoxy method, the ddnTPs used lack 3’ OH and block addition of deoxyribonucleoside
triphosphates at the 3’end

A

true

66
Q

which of the following is a nucleoside?

a. adenosine
b. uracil
c. ATP
d. dNTP

A

A

uracil - base only
ATP - a nucleotide
dNTP - deoxynucleoside

67
Q

which of the ff is not a nucleotide?

a. AMP
b. adenylate
c. uridylate
d. adenosine

A

D

adenosine is a nucleoSIDE

68
Q

which of the ff is a ribonucleotide?

a. adenosine
b. cytidylate
c. uridine
d. thymidylate

A

B

thymidylate is not in RNA!

69
Q

which of the ff is not a deoxyribonucleotide?

a. thymidylate
b. deoxyuridylate
c. dGMP
d. deoxycytidylate

A

B

no uridine in DNA

70
Q

(T/F) a phosphate group can be added to the C5’ hydroxyl groups of deoxyribo and ribonucleosides to form nucleotides

A

true

71
Q

(T/F) a nucleotide is a nucleoside with a phosphate group added to its C2’ hydroxyl group

A

false

phosphate group is added to the C5’ OH group of -SIDES

72
Q

which of the ff is NOT a nucleotide?

a. dCMP
b. adenylate
c. UMP
d. deoxycytidylate

A

none of the above. all are nucleotides :)

73
Q

(T/F) upon adding to the C5’ OH group of nucleotides, the phosphate group becomes esterified

A

false

phosphates are added to nucleoSIDEs

Biochem 2 (13 decks)

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