Exam 2 - Disorder of Growth Flashcards
complete failure of an organ or tissue to develop; completely absent
agenesis
failure of an organ or tissue to grow, resulting in a rudimentary organ; failure of tissue to renew itself
aplasia
failure of an organ or tissue to reach normal size “incomplete development” (during development or decreases renewal of adult tissue)
hypoplasia
congenital absence of an opening or normally patent lumen, body orfice, or tubular organ
atresia
imperforate anus, imperforate colon, biliary atresia, choanal atresia, esophageal atresia, intestinal atresia, are all examples of what
atresia
ventricular septal defect (VSD) and cleft palate are examples of what
failure to fuse or separate
spina bifida is an example of what
failure of vertebral closure (meninges/cord protrusion)
polydactyly is an example of what
vestigial remnants/accessory or supernumerary tissue
abnormal amounts of tissue in normal locations
Hamartoma
normal tissue in abnormal location
choristoma
ectopic pancreas, ectopic intestine, and ectopic cordis cervicalis are examples of what
choristoma
decreased size of an organ/tissue; occurring after it has reached its normal size ; due to loss of cells or decreased size of individual cells
atrophy
causes of atrophy
nutrition
denervation
reduced blood flow or local pressure
endocrine
drugs/toxin
aging
chronic inflammation
secretory duct occulsion
increased size of an organ/tissue due to increased size of cells; compensatory response; occurs in organs who cells are fully differentiated and have lost mitotic capacity
hypertrophy
increase size of an organ or tissue due to an increase in number of cells; requires cells capable of mitotic division; can be physiologic of pathologic
hyperplasia
compensatory regulation, unilateral renal injury, mammary gland/uterus in pregnancy, increased nutrition, idiopathic, spleen, liver, pancreas are all examples of what
physiologic hyperplasia
excessive hormones, chronic irritation or drugs/toxins are examples that can cause what
pathologic hyperplasia
adaptive change from one adult differentiated cell type to another which is not normally present in that organ or tissue; specific germ cell line; change in differentiation
metaplasia
disorganized growth of cells/tissues; can be developmental or acquired; progressive often leads to neoplasia
dysplasia
compensatory regulation, unilateral renal injury, mammary gland/uterus in pregnancy, increased nutrition, idiopathic, spleen, liver, and pancreas are all examples of what
physiologic hyperplasia
disorders from defective/faulty nutrition or faulty development/tissue maintenance
dystrophy
