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Histopathology > Exam 2 - Dental Pulp > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Dental Pulp Flashcards

1
Q

In the embryogenesis cap stage, the dental papilla starts to form the ____.

A

pulp

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2
Q

In the embryogenesis bell stage, the primitive pulp is formed and ____ start to form.

A

capillaries

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3
Q

Dental pulp consists of loose connective tissue derived from ____ cells.

A

neural crest (ectomesenchymal)

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4
Q

What are the two compartments dental pulp is divided into?

A

Odontogenic Zone

Pulpal Core

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5
Q

The ____ consists of an odontoblast cell layer, cell-free zone of Weil, cell-rich zone of fibroblasts, and the parietal plexus of nerves (Raschkow’s plexus).

A

Odontogenic Zone

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6
Q

What is the main component of the cell-free zone of Weil?

A

collagen

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7
Q

What is the cell-rich zone primarily composed of?

A

fibroblasts

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8
Q

What is the parietal plexus of nerves called that is located in the odontogenic zone?

A

Raschkow’s Plexus

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9
Q

The ____ consists of fibroblasts, type I and III collagen, extracellular matrix, blood vessels and nerve tissue.

A

Pulpal Core

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10
Q

What types of collagen does the pulpal core contain?

A

Type I and III

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11
Q

What are the 4 functions of dental pulp?

A

embryonic induction
formative
protective
reparative

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12
Q

What does embryonic induction in the dental pulp cause?

A

formation of odontoblasts

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13
Q

Cells of the dental pulp produce ___ and ___.

A

dentin; cementum

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14
Q

What type of cells in the dental pulp can repair dentin and cementum?

A

undifferentiated

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15
Q

What cells are most numerous in the dental pulp?

A

fibroblasts

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16
Q

What cell populations are located in pulpal tissue?

A 
odontoblasts
fibroblasts
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
macrophages and dendritic cells
endothelial and pericyte cells
neural-related cells (Schwann cells)
lymphocytes
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17
Q

Macrophages and dendritic cells make up __% of the total pulpal cell population.

A

8

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18
Q

The majority of the extracellular matrix of pulpal tissue is primarily type ___ collagen.

A

III

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19
Q

What are the non-colllagenous matrix components?

A 
proteoglycans
glycosaminoglycans
phosphoproteins
glycoproteins
y-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins
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20
Q

What are the main functions of BMP-2, 4 and 7, FGF, EGF, and DMP?

A

form and maintain dentin, PDL and alveolar bone

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21
Q

T/F: Dental pulp contains both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve axons.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

The majority of myelinated nerve axons contain ____ fibers.

A

A-delta (FAST)

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23
Q

_____ fibers are fast fibers that transmit sharp, localized pain.

A

A-delta

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24
Q

1% of myelinated nerve axons are ____ fibers.

A

A-beta (larger diameter)

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25
Q

C-fibers are ____ and ____.

A

SLOWER; non-myelinated

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26
Q

C-fibers transmit ______ pain.

A

DULL and diffuse

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27
Q

Axons progressively branch through the pulp, passing through the subodontoblastic layer as _____.

A

Raschkow’s plexus

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28
Q

Each fiber contributes how many branches into Raschkow’s plexus?

A

8

29
Q

Most fibers terminate in the plexus as ____, non-myelinated nerve endings (C-fibers).

A

free

30
Q

Sensory afferents from the dental pulp are from what branch of what nerve?

A

V1 branch of the trigeminal (CN V) nerve

31
Q

What are the 4 sensory afferents from the trigeminal nerve in the dental pulp?

A

Pain (most)
Mechanical
Thermal
Tactile

32
Q

Sympathetic branches in the dental pulp are from which ganglion?

A

superior cervical ganglion

33
Q

Sympathetic branches from the superior cervical ganglion are primarily _____ fibers to pulpal blood vessels concerned with mainly vasoconstriction.

A

vasomotor

34
Q

Where are the majority of nerve axons in intratubular dentin found?

A

pulp horns

35
Q

Why do interproximal and smooth surface caries hurt the most?

A

because the majority of nerve axons in dentin are found in pulp horns

36
Q

Do you feel significant pain in root surface caries?

A

NO - will not feel as much pain

37
Q

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and Substance P are ____ of blood vessels in dental pulp.

A

vasodilators

38
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are ____ of blood vessels in dental pulp.

A

vasoconstrictors

39
Q

Dopamine is the precursor to ____.

A

epinephrine

40
Q

Norepinephrine is via _____ innervation fibers.

A

sympathetic

41
Q

_____ are the silencers of nociceptors.

A

Endorphins

42
Q

Blood vessels in dental pulp follow the distribution of ____.

A

nerves

43
Q

Venules have a ____ diameter than arterioles.

A

larger

44
Q

Where do terminal capillaries anastomose?

A

deep to the odontoblastic layer

45
Q

Capillary loops are ____ in the coronal pulp and horns and ____ in the radicular pulp.

A

dense; far less dense

46
Q

Are capillary loops more dense in the radicular pulp or coronal pulp and horns?

A

coronal pulp and horns

47
Q

T/F: Only fenestrated capillaries are found in the dental pulp.

A

FALSE; both continuous and fenestrated capillaries are found in pulp, as well as lymph vessels

48
Q

_____ capillaries have holes and leak serum that becomes a component of the tissue fluid.

A

Fenestrated

49
Q

What contributes to swelling and edema during inflammation?

A

significant leakage of serum via fenestrated capillaries

50
Q

What is the only sensation pulp can feel?

A

pressure

51
Q

Can blood vessels in pulp develop cholesterol plaques?

A

YES (atherosclerosis)

52
Q

What can happen if cholesterol plaques in the pulp progress and become severe?

A

pulpal hypoxia which results in pulpal necrosis

53
Q

What is the dental pulp abnormality called that results in dilated and inflamed blood vessels, resulting in painful pressure or tooth breakage from swelling?

A

hyperemic tooth

54
Q

_____ occurs with increasing age or persistent low-grade injury and decreases tooth vascularity?

A

Pulpal fibrosis

55
Q

___ can result from multiple restorations in a single tooth, bruxism and repeated thermal insult.

A

Pulpal fibrosis

56
Q

_____ are irregular calcified deposits that stick to collagen fiber bundles or within blood vessels (a result of chronic low-grade infection).

A

Diffuse calcifications

57
Q

What are the two classifications of pulp stones? How are they classified?

A

True
False
(classified as free, attached or embedded)

58
Q

____ denticles contain dentin tubules.

A

True

59
Q

____ denticles contain concentric layers of calcified tissue and lack dentinal tubules.

A

False

60
Q

What is a dense aggregation of neutrophils, macrophages and other inflammatory cells within connective tissue undergoing liquefactive necrosis called?

A

pulpal abscess

61
Q

A pulpal abscess is a dense aggregation of mainly ____.

A

neutrophils

62
Q

Can pulpal tissue swell to accommodate an abscess?

A

NO not really

63
Q

What does an abscess eventually lead to?

A

lead to pulpal necrosis that causes pain and necrosis of the PDL and associated alveolar bone

64
Q

How does a pulpal abscess appear on an x-ray?

A

seen as a radiolucent area around the apex of a tooth

65
Q

What is the quickest way to heal abscesses?

A

I and D (incision and drainage)

66
Q

Vacuolated macrophages contain a ____ cytoplasm.

A

vacuolated

67
Q

A _____ is a fusion of macrophages to form giant multinucleated cells that resorb dentin adjacent to inflamed pulp to relieve pressure.

A

syncytial macrophage

68
Q

____ is an infection from a periapical abscess that spreads between the muscle planes.

A

Diffuse cellulitis

69
Q

What is the enlargement of muscles planes called that can depress the trachea and esophagus causing difficulty breathing?

A

Ludwig’s angina

Histopathology (7 decks)

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