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Histopathology > Exam 2 - Dental Pulp > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Dental Pulp Flashcards

1
Q

In the embryogenesis cap stage, the dental papilla starts to form the ____.

A

pulp

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2
Q

In the embryogenesis bell stage, the primitive pulp is formed and ____ start to form.

A

capillaries

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3
Q

Dental pulp consists of loose connective tissue derived from ____ cells.

A

neural crest (ectomesenchymal)

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4
Q

What are the two compartments dental pulp is divided into?

A

Odontogenic Zone

Pulpal Core

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5
Q

The ____ consists of an odontoblast cell layer, cell-free zone of Weil, cell-rich zone of fibroblasts, and the parietal plexus of nerves (Raschkow’s plexus).

A

Odontogenic Zone

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6
Q

What is the main component of the cell-free zone of Weil?

A

collagen

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7
Q

What is the cell-rich zone primarily composed of?

A

fibroblasts

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8
Q

What is the parietal plexus of nerves called that is located in the odontogenic zone?

A

Raschkow’s Plexus

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9
Q

The ____ consists of fibroblasts, type I and III collagen, extracellular matrix, blood vessels and nerve tissue.

A

Pulpal Core

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10
Q

What types of collagen does the pulpal core contain?

A

Type I and III

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11
Q

What are the 4 functions of dental pulp?

A

embryonic induction
formative
protective
reparative

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12
Q

What does embryonic induction in the dental pulp cause?

A

formation of odontoblasts

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13
Q

Cells of the dental pulp produce ___ and ___.

A

dentin; cementum

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14
Q

What type of cells in the dental pulp can repair dentin and cementum?

A

undifferentiated

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15
Q

What cells are most numerous in the dental pulp?

A

fibroblasts

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16
Q

What cell populations are located in pulpal tissue?

A 
odontoblasts
fibroblasts
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
macrophages and dendritic cells
endothelial and pericyte cells
neural-related cells (Schwann cells)
lymphocytes
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17
Q

Macrophages and dendritic cells make up __% of the total pulpal cell population.

A

8

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18
Q

The majority of the extracellular matrix of pulpal tissue is primarily type ___ collagen.

A

III

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19
Q

What are the non-colllagenous matrix components?

A 
proteoglycans
glycosaminoglycans
phosphoproteins
glycoproteins
y-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins
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20
Q

What are the main functions of BMP-2, 4 and 7, FGF, EGF, and DMP?

A

form and maintain dentin, PDL and alveolar bone

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21
Q

T/F: Dental pulp contains both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve axons.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

The majority of myelinated nerve axons contain ____ fibers.

A

A-delta (FAST)

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23
Q

_____ fibers are fast fibers that transmit sharp, localized pain.

A

A-delta

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24
Q

1% of myelinated nerve axons are ____ fibers.

A

A-beta (larger diameter)

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25
C-fibers are ____ and ____.
SLOWER; non-myelinated
26
C-fibers transmit ______ pain.
DULL and diffuse
27
Axons progressively branch through the pulp, passing through the subodontoblastic layer as _____.
Raschkow's plexus
28
Each fiber contributes how many branches into Raschkow's plexus?
8
29
Most fibers terminate in the plexus as ____, non-myelinated nerve endings (C-fibers).
free
30
Sensory afferents from the dental pulp are from what branch of what nerve?
V1 branch of the trigeminal (CN V) nerve
31
What are the 4 sensory afferents from the trigeminal nerve in the dental pulp?
Pain (most) Mechanical Thermal Tactile
32
Sympathetic branches in the dental pulp are from which ganglion?
superior cervical ganglion
33
Sympathetic branches from the superior cervical ganglion are primarily _____ fibers to pulpal blood vessels concerned with mainly vasoconstriction.
vasomotor
34
Where are the majority of nerve axons in intratubular dentin found?
pulp horns
35
Why do interproximal and smooth surface caries hurt the most?
because the majority of nerve axons in dentin are found in pulp horns
36
Do you feel significant pain in root surface caries?
NO - will not feel as much pain
37
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and Substance P are ____ of blood vessels in dental pulp.
vasodilators
38
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are ____ of blood vessels in dental pulp.
vasoconstrictors
39
Dopamine is the precursor to ____.
epinephrine
40
Norepinephrine is via _____ innervation fibers.
sympathetic
41
_____ are the silencers of nociceptors.
Endorphins
42
Blood vessels in dental pulp follow the distribution of ____.
nerves
43
Venules have a ____ diameter than arterioles.
larger
44
Where do terminal capillaries anastomose?
deep to the odontoblastic layer
45
Capillary loops are ____ in the coronal pulp and horns and ____ in the radicular pulp.
dense; far less dense
46
Are capillary loops more dense in the radicular pulp or coronal pulp and horns?
coronal pulp and horns
47
T/F: Only fenestrated capillaries are found in the dental pulp.
FALSE; both continuous and fenestrated capillaries are found in pulp, as well as lymph vessels
48
_____ capillaries have holes and leak serum that becomes a component of the tissue fluid.
Fenestrated
49
What contributes to swelling and edema during inflammation?
significant leakage of serum via fenestrated capillaries
50
What is the only sensation pulp can feel?
pressure
51
Can blood vessels in pulp develop cholesterol plaques?
YES (atherosclerosis)
52
What can happen if cholesterol plaques in the pulp progress and become severe?
pulpal hypoxia which results in pulpal necrosis
53
What is the dental pulp abnormality called that results in dilated and inflamed blood vessels, resulting in painful pressure or tooth breakage from swelling?
hyperemic tooth
54
_____ occurs with increasing age or persistent low-grade injury and decreases tooth vascularity?
Pulpal fibrosis
55
___ can result from multiple restorations in a single tooth, bruxism and repeated thermal insult.
Pulpal fibrosis
56
_____ are irregular calcified deposits that stick to collagen fiber bundles or within blood vessels (a result of chronic low-grade infection).
Diffuse calcifications
57
What are the two classifications of pulp stones? How are they classified?
True False (classified as free, attached or embedded)
58
____ denticles contain dentin tubules.
True
59
____ denticles contain concentric layers of calcified tissue and lack dentinal tubules.
False
60
What is a dense aggregation of neutrophils, macrophages and other inflammatory cells within connective tissue undergoing liquefactive necrosis called?
pulpal abscess
61
A pulpal abscess is a dense aggregation of mainly ____.
neutrophils
62
Can pulpal tissue swell to accommodate an abscess?
NO not really
63
What does an abscess eventually lead to?
lead to pulpal necrosis that causes pain and necrosis of the PDL and associated alveolar bone
64
How does a pulpal abscess appear on an x-ray?
seen as a radiolucent area around the apex of a tooth
65
What is the quickest way to heal abscesses?
I and D (incision and drainage)
66
Vacuolated macrophages contain a ____ cytoplasm.
vacuolated
67
A _____ is a fusion of macrophages to form giant multinucleated cells that resorb dentin adjacent to inflamed pulp to relieve pressure.
syncytial macrophage
68
____ is an infection from a periapical abscess that spreads between the muscle planes.
Diffuse cellulitis
69
What is the enlargement of muscles planes called that can depress the trachea and esophagus causing difficulty breathing?
Ludwig's angina

Histopathology (7 decks)

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