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Histopathology > Exam 1 - Odontogenesis > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Odontogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Which two periodontal and bony structures do neural crest cells NOT make?

A

enamel

gingiva

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2
Q

During the ____ stage of development, the determinant message lies within the ectoderm epithelium.

A

pre-tooth bud

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3
Q

In the pre-tooth bud stage of development, the ____ epithelium dictates what the invagination into undifferentiated mesenchyme will become (tooth or skin).

A

ectodermal

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4
Q

During the ____ stage of tooth development, the determinant message lies within the mesenchyme (neural crest cells).

A

post-tooth bud

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5
Q

The _____ in the stages of tooth development specifies the tooth type and nature of the product produced (matrices, etc.).

A

mesenchyme (neural crest cells)

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6
Q

What embryological layer is the result of cellular invagination?

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

What are the 6 stages of tooth development, in order?

A

1) Initiation
2) Bud Stage
3) Cap Stage
4) Bell Stage
5) Apposition
6) Maturation

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8
Q

During the initiation phase of tooth development, the oral ectoderm invaginates into the mesenchyme (neural crest cells) to become the _____.

A

dental lamina

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9
Q

What separates the dental lamina from the surrounding mesenchyme?

A

basement membrane

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10
Q

During which stage of tooth development has the oral ectoderm made its transition into dental lamina and proceeded with apoptosis to allow new bud growth?

A

Bud Stage

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11
Q

Which stages of tooth development is characterized by proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis?

A

Cap Stage

Bell Stage

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12
Q

In the Cap Stage, apoptosis results in the creation of the ____.

A

buccal vestibule

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13
Q

What structures begin to form off of the dental lamina during the Cap Stage of development?

A 
inner enamel epithelium
outer enamel epithelium
stellate reticulum
dental papilla
dental follicle
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14
Q

The inner enamel epithelium is ____; the outer enamel epithelium is ____.

A

concave; convex

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15
Q

Which structural layer of the enamel organ eventually becomes the pulp of the tooth and become some odontoblasts?

A

dental papilla

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16
Q

Which structural layer of the enamel organ eventually differentiates into alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament, and the cementum?

A

dental follicle

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17
Q

At what stage of tooth development are all layers of the enamel organ differentiated?

A

Bell Stage

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18
Q

Which layer of cells in the bell stage secrete alkaline phosphatase, essential for the mineralization of enamel?

A

stratum intermedium

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19
Q

The stratum intermedium secretes _____.

A

alkaline phosphatase

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20
Q

The cervical loop of the enamel organ is the junction of what two layers?

A

inner enamel epithelium

outer enamel epithelium

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21
Q

The cervical loop becomes the ____ in the adult tooth.

A

CEJ

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22
Q

Do ameloblasts and odontoblasts grow away from each other or with each other?

A

grow away from each other (appositional growth)

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23
Q

The inner enamel epithelium becomes the _____, and eventually the ____.

A

ameloblasts; enamel

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24
Q

The peripheral cells of the dental papilla become the _____, and eventually the _____.

A

odontoblasts; dentin

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25
Q

The _____ is composed of cuboidal cells and is the protective barrier.

A

outer enamel epithelium

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26
Q

The _____ is composed to cuboidal cells and differentiates into ameloblasts.

A

inner enamel epithelium

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27
Q

The _____ is composed to star-shaped cells forming a network within the enamel organ and supports enamel formation.

A

stellate reticulum

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28
Q

The _____ is composed to flat cuboidal cells and makes alkaline phosphatase.

A

stratum intermedium

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29
Q

The ____ is composed of collagen fibers surrounding the enamel organ and differentiates into the cementum, PDL and alveolar bone.

A

dental follicle

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30
Q

The _____ separates near the inner enamel epithelium to differentiate into odontoblasts, and the inner cells of this structure differentiate into pulp tissue.

A

dental papilla

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31
Q

What structure forms when the cervical loop has fused together and condensed the stellate reticulum?

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

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32
Q

What structure determines the shape and curvature of the roots of teeth?

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

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33
Q

What structure is removed before cementum can be laid down on the root?

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

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34
Q

What structure determines the number of roots formed on a particular tooth?

A

Epithelial diaphragm

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35
Q

What structure of the enamel organ would you find in a second molar, but not in an incisor?

A

Epithelial diaphragm

36
Q

The ____ is a modification of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath that creates septa that divides pulpal tissue to create multiple roots?

A

epithelial diaphragm

37
Q

When is root length complete?

A

1-4 years after the eruption of the tooth

38
Q

Are cuboidal or columnar cells more “at rest?”

A

cuboidal

39
Q

What stimulates the activation of odontoblasts?

A

the cells of dental papilla lining up opposite to ameloblasts

40
Q

Mantle dentin is the first formed dentin and contains both Type ___ and Type ___ collagen.

A

I; III

41
Q

Mantle dentin is oriented ___ to the DEJ.

A

perpendicular

42
Q

Mantle dentin stimulates the developing ____ to become columnar and start secreting enamel matrix.

A

ameloblasts

43
Q

The cells of the dental papilla lining up and stimulating odontoblasts to produce dentin matrix, which stimulates ameloblasts to secrete enamel matrix demonstrates ____.

A

appositional growth

44
Q

Odontoblasts ___ extensions; ameloblasts ___ extensions.

A

HAVE; DON’T HAVE

45
Q

____ have extensions that contain secretory granules that secrete alkaline phosphatase to mineralize their own dentin.

A

Odontoblasts

46
Q

_____ do not have extensions because the layer of stratum intermedium makes alkaline phosphatase to mineralize enamel for them.

A

Ameloblasts

47
Q

What are the dentin tubules?

A

the stretched processes from the odontoblasts

48
Q

At the final stage of mineralization, the reduced epithelium is made up of 4 layers, referred to as the ____.

A

primary cuticle (Nasmyth’s membrane)

49
Q

What 4 layers make up Nasmyth’s membrane?

A

outer enamel epithelium
inner enamel epithelium
stellate reticulum
stratum intermedium

50
Q

_____ is the total lack of tooth development.

A

Anodontia

51
Q

What condition results from the total absence of the enamel organ?

A

anodontia

52
Q

____ is the lack of development of one or more teeth.

A

Hypodontia

53
Q

____ is the lack of formation of 6 or more teeth.

A

Oligodontia

54
Q

____ is the development of an increased number of teeth.

A

Hyperdontia

55
Q

The defect of supernumerary teeth results from issues during the ____ stage of tooth development.

A

initiation

56
Q

What is the most common manifestation of supernumerary tooth formation?

A

mesiodens formation

57
Q

A ____ is a peg-shaped tooth that appears at the midline.

A

mesiodens

58
Q

An odontoma originates from a defect during the ____ stage.

A

initiation

59
Q

A _____ is comprised of a conglomerate mass of enamel and dentin that has no anatomic resemblance to a tooth.

A

complex odontoma

60
Q

A ____ is random and locally invasive and may weaken the bone and jaw and promote fractures.

A

complex odontoma

61
Q

A ____ is comprised of multiple small tooth-like structures.

A

compound odontoma

62
Q

What anomaly is characterized by an enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of multi-rooted teeth and abnormally long root trunks and very short roots?

A

taurodontism

63
Q

Taurodontism results from a problem with the ____.

A

epithelial diaphragm

64
Q

A dilaceration is an abnormal angulation or bend in the root, the result of defects in _____.

A

Hertwig’s rooth sheath

65
Q

Gemination and fusion both occur during the ____ of tooth development.

A

cap stage

66
Q

Which “twinning” defect has a normal tooth count when the defective tooth is counted as one?

A

gemination

67
Q

Which “twinning” defect has a tooth count that is one short when the defective tooth is counted as one?

A

fusion

68
Q

Two patients come into your clinic with “twin teeth.” You want to determine if these patients have gemination or fusion. Patient #1 has a tooth count of 31. Patient #2 has a tooth count of 32. Which patient suffers from gemination and which from fusion?

A

gemination - #2

fusion - #1

69
Q

Concrescence is a defect that occurs during the ___ and ___ stages of tooth development and results in the union of root structures by excess cementum.

A

apposition; maturation

70
Q

Tubercule formation occurs during the ____ of tooth development and results in an extra cusp.

A

cap stage

71
Q

A patient presents with the development of extra roots. Where did this defect originate?

A

epithelial diaphragm

72
Q

Did a patient with a total lack of roots contain normal cervical loops in their enamel organs?

A

YES

73
Q

A patient presents with a complete lack of root development. Where did this defect originate?

A

lack of formation of Hertwig’s root sheath

74
Q

Short root development may be because of Hertwig’s root sheath defects, but it can also be the result of what?

A

accelerated or poor ortho treatment

75
Q

A _____ originates from the separation of the dental follicle from the crown of a tooth germ (unerupted tooth).

A

dentigerous/follicular cyst

76
Q

Where is a dentigerous cyst attached to?

A

CEJ

77
Q

Where do odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) originate from?

A

residual cells of the dental lamina (rests of Serres)

78
Q

Where are the majority of OKCs located at?

A

the posterior mandible

79
Q

60% of all OKCs are diagnosed in patients that are ____ years old.

A

10-40 (young demographic)

80
Q

What do OKC lesions look like on the posterior mandible?

A

multilocular

81
Q

OKCs are characterized by the presence of ____ in the lumen, as seen in histological biopsy sections.

A

keratin

82
Q

What is the most common neoplastic lesion arising from odontogenic epithelium?

A

ameloblastoma

83
Q

How do ameloblastomas appear on x-rays?

A

multilocular “soap bubble” appearance

84
Q

Can ameloblastomas be treated with radiation therapy?

A

NO - surgical removal only because they are radio-resistant

85
Q

A cross section of an ameloblastoma would resemble what type of structure?

A

enamel organ - looks like scrambled amelogenesis

Histopathology (7 decks)

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