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Histopathology > Exam 1 - Odontogenesis > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Odontogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Which two periodontal and bony structures do neural crest cells NOT make?

A

enamel

gingiva

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2
Q

During the ____ stage of development, the determinant message lies within the ectoderm epithelium.

A

pre-tooth bud

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3
Q

In the pre-tooth bud stage of development, the ____ epithelium dictates what the invagination into undifferentiated mesenchyme will become (tooth or skin).

A

ectodermal

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4
Q

During the ____ stage of tooth development, the determinant message lies within the mesenchyme (neural crest cells).

A

post-tooth bud

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5
Q

The _____ in the stages of tooth development specifies the tooth type and nature of the product produced (matrices, etc.).

A

mesenchyme (neural crest cells)

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6
Q

What embryological layer is the result of cellular invagination?

A

mesoderm

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7
Q

What are the 6 stages of tooth development, in order?

A

1) Initiation
2) Bud Stage
3) Cap Stage
4) Bell Stage
5) Apposition
6) Maturation

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8
Q

During the initiation phase of tooth development, the oral ectoderm invaginates into the mesenchyme (neural crest cells) to become the _____.

A

dental lamina

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9
Q

What separates the dental lamina from the surrounding mesenchyme?

A

basement membrane

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10
Q

During which stage of tooth development has the oral ectoderm made its transition into dental lamina and proceeded with apoptosis to allow new bud growth?

A

Bud Stage

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11
Q

Which stages of tooth development is characterized by proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis?

A

Cap Stage

Bell Stage

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12
Q

In the Cap Stage, apoptosis results in the creation of the ____.

A

buccal vestibule

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13
Q

What structures begin to form off of the dental lamina during the Cap Stage of development?

A 
inner enamel epithelium
outer enamel epithelium
stellate reticulum
dental papilla
dental follicle
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14
Q

The inner enamel epithelium is ____; the outer enamel epithelium is ____.

A

concave; convex

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15
Q

Which structural layer of the enamel organ eventually becomes the pulp of the tooth and become some odontoblasts?

A

dental papilla

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16
Q

Which structural layer of the enamel organ eventually differentiates into alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament, and the cementum?

A

dental follicle

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17
Q

At what stage of tooth development are all layers of the enamel organ differentiated?

A

Bell Stage

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18
Q

Which layer of cells in the bell stage secrete alkaline phosphatase, essential for the mineralization of enamel?

A

stratum intermedium

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19
Q

The stratum intermedium secretes _____.

A

alkaline phosphatase

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20
Q

The cervical loop of the enamel organ is the junction of what two layers?

A

inner enamel epithelium

outer enamel epithelium

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21
Q

The cervical loop becomes the ____ in the adult tooth.

A

CEJ

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22
Q

Do ameloblasts and odontoblasts grow away from each other or with each other?

A

grow away from each other (appositional growth)

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23
Q

The inner enamel epithelium becomes the _____, and eventually the ____.

A

ameloblasts; enamel

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24
Q

The peripheral cells of the dental papilla become the _____, and eventually the _____.

A

odontoblasts; dentin

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25
The _____ is composed of cuboidal cells and is the protective barrier.
outer enamel epithelium
26
The _____ is composed to cuboidal cells and differentiates into ameloblasts.
inner enamel epithelium
27
The _____ is composed to star-shaped cells forming a network within the enamel organ and supports enamel formation.
stellate reticulum
28
The _____ is composed to flat cuboidal cells and makes alkaline phosphatase.
stratum intermedium
29
The ____ is composed of collagen fibers surrounding the enamel organ and differentiates into the cementum, PDL and alveolar bone.
dental follicle
30
The _____ separates near the inner enamel epithelium to differentiate into odontoblasts, and the inner cells of this structure differentiate into pulp tissue.
dental papilla
31
What structure forms when the cervical loop has fused together and condensed the stellate reticulum?
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
32
What structure determines the shape and curvature of the roots of teeth?
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
33
What structure is removed before cementum can be laid down on the root?
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
34
What structure determines the number of roots formed on a particular tooth?
Epithelial diaphragm
35
What structure of the enamel organ would you find in a second molar, but not in an incisor?
Epithelial diaphragm
36
The ____ is a modification of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath that creates septa that divides pulpal tissue to create multiple roots?
epithelial diaphragm
37
When is root length complete?
1-4 years after the eruption of the tooth
38
Are cuboidal or columnar cells more "at rest?"
cuboidal
39
What stimulates the activation of odontoblasts?
the cells of dental papilla lining up opposite to ameloblasts
40
Mantle dentin is the first formed dentin and contains both Type ___ and Type ___ collagen.
I; III
41
Mantle dentin is oriented ___ to the DEJ.
perpendicular
42
Mantle dentin stimulates the developing ____ to become columnar and start secreting enamel matrix.
ameloblasts
43
The cells of the dental papilla lining up and stimulating odontoblasts to produce dentin matrix, which stimulates ameloblasts to secrete enamel matrix demonstrates ____.
appositional growth
44
Odontoblasts ___ extensions; ameloblasts ___ extensions.
HAVE; DON'T HAVE
45
____ have extensions that contain secretory granules that secrete alkaline phosphatase to mineralize their own dentin.
Odontoblasts
46
_____ do not have extensions because the layer of stratum intermedium makes alkaline phosphatase to mineralize enamel for them.
Ameloblasts
47
What are the dentin tubules?
the stretched processes from the odontoblasts
48
At the final stage of mineralization, the reduced epithelium is made up of 4 layers, referred to as the ____.
primary cuticle (Nasmyth's membrane)
49
What 4 layers make up Nasmyth's membrane?
outer enamel epithelium inner enamel epithelium stellate reticulum stratum intermedium
50
_____ is the total lack of tooth development.
Anodontia
51
What condition results from the total absence of the enamel organ?
anodontia
52
____ is the lack of development of one or more teeth.
Hypodontia
53
____ is the lack of formation of 6 or more teeth.
Oligodontia
54
____ is the development of an increased number of teeth.
Hyperdontia
55
The defect of supernumerary teeth results from issues during the ____ stage of tooth development.
initiation
56
What is the most common manifestation of supernumerary tooth formation?
mesiodens formation
57
A ____ is a peg-shaped tooth that appears at the midline.
mesiodens
58
An odontoma originates from a defect during the ____ stage.
initiation
59
A _____ is comprised of a conglomerate mass of enamel and dentin that has no anatomic resemblance to a tooth.
complex odontoma
60
A ____ is random and locally invasive and may weaken the bone and jaw and promote fractures.
complex odontoma
61
A ____ is comprised of multiple small tooth-like structures.
compound odontoma
62
What anomaly is characterized by an enlargement of the body and pulp chamber of multi-rooted teeth and abnormally long root trunks and very short roots?
taurodontism
63
Taurodontism results from a problem with the ____.
epithelial diaphragm
64
A dilaceration is an abnormal angulation or bend in the root, the result of defects in _____.
Hertwig's rooth sheath
65
Gemination and fusion both occur during the ____ of tooth development.
cap stage
66
Which "twinning" defect has a normal tooth count when the defective tooth is counted as one?
gemination
67
Which "twinning" defect has a tooth count that is one short when the defective tooth is counted as one?
fusion
68
Two patients come into your clinic with "twin teeth." You want to determine if these patients have gemination or fusion. Patient #1 has a tooth count of 31. Patient #2 has a tooth count of 32. Which patient suffers from gemination and which from fusion?
gemination - #2 | fusion - #1
69
Concrescence is a defect that occurs during the ___ and ___ stages of tooth development and results in the union of root structures by excess cementum.
apposition; maturation
70
Tubercule formation occurs during the ____ of tooth development and results in an extra cusp.
cap stage
71
A patient presents with the development of extra roots. Where did this defect originate?
epithelial diaphragm
72
Did a patient with a total lack of roots contain normal cervical loops in their enamel organs?
YES
73
A patient presents with a complete lack of root development. Where did this defect originate?
lack of formation of Hertwig's root sheath
74
Short root development may be because of Hertwig's root sheath defects, but it can also be the result of what?
accelerated or poor ortho treatment
75
A _____ originates from the separation of the dental follicle from the crown of a tooth germ (unerupted tooth).
dentigerous/follicular cyst
76
Where is a dentigerous cyst attached to?
CEJ
77
Where do odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) originate from?
residual cells of the dental lamina (rests of Serres)
78
Where are the majority of OKCs located at?
the posterior mandible
79
60% of all OKCs are diagnosed in patients that are ____ years old.
10-40 (young demographic)
80
What do OKC lesions look like on the posterior mandible?
multilocular
81
OKCs are characterized by the presence of ____ in the lumen, as seen in histological biopsy sections.
keratin
82
What is the most common neoplastic lesion arising from odontogenic epithelium?
ameloblastoma
83
How do ameloblastomas appear on x-rays?
multilocular "soap bubble" appearance
84
Can ameloblastomas be treated with radiation therapy?
NO - surgical removal only because they are radio-resistant
85
A cross section of an ameloblastoma would resemble what type of structure?
enamel organ - looks like scrambled amelogenesis

Histopathology (7 decks)

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