exam 2 deck Flashcards
protozoa are a sort of strange collection of microbes that really existed as early… what?
they existed as early Eukarya
does the protozoa define a specific, seperate domain or class of organisms?
no it doesn’t form a particular specific group within any taxonomic class, protozoa are a sort of strange collection of microbes that really existed as early eukarya
are plants, animals or fungi a type of protazoa?
no
are entamoebae and slime molds types of protazoa?
yes
what are 5 groups that are protazoa?
ciliates, flagellates, trichomonads, microsporidia, diplomonads
do ciliate protazoa typically cause diseases in humans?
no
how are protazoa classified?
through their means of movement, nutrition and reproduction
are protazoa typically intracellular
yes
why are ciliates bad news for smaller organisms?
because ciliates can consume them whole
are amoeba and stentor ciliates?
no only stentor is a ciliate
how do are protozoan diseases transmitted to other organisms?
ingestion, vectors, sexual contact, transovarial, placental
why are protozoan pathogens not well represented in foodborne illnesses?
because they are typically sensitive to heat, so any cooking usually kills them even if they are present in water
are protazoan pathogens capable of surviving high temperatures?
no, they are typically sensitive to heat and cannot survive high temperatures
how are vector borne transmissions distinguished?
vector borne transmission then is distinguished by a lack of ability to transfer the disease from one host to another; you need a mosquito or another organisms to act as a vector between hosts
what are the 4 main malaria species?
what is the general class through which maleria appears?
apicomplexa
what are the unique strucutures that appear in in apicomplexa cells?
they have a polar ring, conoid and a microneme and rhoptry
what is the significance of the polar ring and conoid?
they maintain a distinctive shape
what is the significance of the microneme and rhoptry?
they aid in host cell invasion
are apicomplexa motile?
no they tend to live within cells and rely on other species to transport them between hosts
how does the polar ring and conoid aid the apicomplexas invasion of other cells?
it is very pointy and rigid which helps the pathogen burrow into the cell with its pointed end
how do the microneme and rhoptry help the apicomplexa invade host cells?
they secrete proteins which break down host cell membranes
what is the malaria life cycle?
-steps 4, 5 and 6are called the cyclical stage
-The ring stage is where you have one parasite in the centre of a red blood cell. and that undergoes a, a procedure in three, three broad steps whereby it multiplies. at that third step, the merozoites are produce in dozens inside a red blood cell And that eventually ruptures. And all of those parasites that are released will then go on to infect other red blood cells.
how come blood products aren’t tested for parasites before transfusion happens?
if you’ve got dormant parasites in the liver for two years that are in such low numbers, you can hardly detect them in the blood. They can still potentially be transferred to other hosts through a blood transfusion,