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Advanced Human Anatomy > Exam 2 - CNS > Flashcards

Exam 2 - CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A 
Precentral gyrus
Voluntary muscle control (skeletal) 
More surface area to fine movements (ie face)
SIMPLE MOVEMENTS 
Frontal Lobe
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2
Q

Prefrontal

A

Thinking ahead

Taking initiative

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3
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

A

Postcentral gyrus
General sensation (pain, temp, touch)
Concious awareness of general somatic senses
Parietal lobe
More SA to more sensitive areas (ie face)

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4
Q

Premotor Cortex

A

In front of precentral gyrus
Planning movements
Complex movements –> has to be learned and practiced

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5
Q

Special Cortices in Temporal Lobe

A

Olfactor cortex

Auditory cortex and association area

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6
Q

Special Sensory Cortex in Occipital Lobe

A

Visual cortex

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7
Q

Pyramidal cells

A

large neurons of primary motor cortex

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8
Q

Cerebral White Matter (axon fibers) - types

A
  1. Commissural fibers
  2. Association fibers
  3. Projection fibers
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9
Q

Commissure tract&functions

A

composed of commissural fibers
allows communication between cerebral hemispheres
largest commissure = corpus callosum

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10
Q

Association fibers

A

connect different parts of same hemisphere

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11
Q

Projeciton fibers

A

connect different parts

i.e. cortex –> pons/cerebellum

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12
Q

Basal Ganglia (4)

A

subcortical grey matter
group of nuclei deep within cerebral white matter
1. caudate nucleus (Huntington’s)
2. Putamen (Huntington’s)
3. Globus pallidus
4. Amygdaloid body (LIMBIC SYSTEM) (FEAR)

**cooperate with cerebral cortex in performing movements

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13
Q

Caudate nucleus&lentiform nucleus

A

Huntington’s disease
arches over thalamus
“lens shaped”
=corpus striatum

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14
Q

Cranial Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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15
Q

Limbic System (function and 5 parts)

A

emotion and behavior

  1. cingulate gyrus
  2. dentate gyrus
  3. parahippocampal gyrus
  4. hippocampus
  5. fornix (axon fibers - connects parts of limbic system)
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16
Q

Dura mater (3 parts)

A
  1. Falx cerebri
  2. Tentorium cereblli
  3. Falx cerebell
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17
Q

Choroid plexus

A

filters cerebral spinal fluid (wastes go into capillaries, nutrients go into csf)

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18
Q

Thalamus

A

sensory relay center between brain stem and cortex

19
Q

Proencephalon

A

Telecephalon –> cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres and cortex)
Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
Forebrain

20
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Tectum (superior and inferior colliculi, corpora quadrigemina)(superior to aqueduct) and tegmentum (cerebral peduncles, substanstia nigra) (inferior to aqueduct)
Midbrain

21
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Metencephalon –> cerebellum and pons
Myelencephalon –> medulla oblongata
Hindbrain

22
Q

medial geniculate nucleus

A

specific thalamic nuclei

auditory relay nucleus

23
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus

A

specific thalamic nuclei

visual relay nucleus

24
Q

Functions of the Hypothalmus

A

visceral control center of the brain

  1. hormones via the pituitary
  2. autonomic nervous system
  3. feeding and drinking
  4. sexual activity
  5. temperature
  6. sleep-wake cycles
  7. memory
25
Q

Superior colliculi

A

visual center

26
Q

Inferior colliculi

A

auditory center

27
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

part of tegmentum
group of projections (tract of axon fibers)
connect midbrain with cerbrum

28
Q

Red nucleus

A

maintenance of muscle tone and limb position

29
Q

Substantia nigra

A

part of tegmentum

Parkinson’s disease

30
Q

crus cerebri

A

corticospinal tract

31
Q

Pons

A

Contains nuclei of CN V, VI, VII
4th ventricle
Middle cerebellar peduncle (connects pons with cerebellum)
Inferior cerebellar peduncle

32
Q

Cerebellum (functions)

A
  • Balance (maintains posture, equilibrium, coordinates and smoothes movements)
  • Cognition (language, problem solving, planning tasks)
33
Q

Cerebellar Lesions

A
  1. Intentional tremor

2. Imbalance and “drunken” gait (like a duck)

34
Q

Medulla Oblongata (5)

A
  1. Pyramid
  2. Olivary nuclei
  3. Reflex centers
  4. Cardiovascular centers
  5. Respiratory rhymicity center
35
Q

Pyramid

A 
Medulla oblongata 
Corticospinal tract (fibers make cross)
Inferior olive pyramid
36
Q

Olivary nuclei

A

Control cardiovascular and pulmonary systems

Medulla oblongata

37
Q

Spinal cord damage between C5-S4

A

Paraplegia

38
Q

Spinal cord damage at brachial plexus origin

A

Quadriplegia

39
Q

Damage at or above phrenic nerve origin

A

asphyxiation and death (diaphragm control)

40
Q

Ascending tracts of white matter

A

sensory

41
Q

Descending tracts of white matter

A

motor

42
Q

Lesion of corticospinal tract

A

Loss of voluntary motor control

AND spastic paralysis (spinal reflexes can still be evoked)

43
Q

Lower motor neurons (fibers and lesion)

A 
GSE fibers (final common pathway to skeletal muscle)
Lesion deprives skeletal muscle of motor control --> flaccid paralysis (loss of reflexes and muscle atrophy)

Advanced Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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