Exam 2 (Chapters 8-9, 12) Flashcards
What are the two types of statistics?
Descriptive and inferential.
What do inferential statistics give us?
The ability to make generalizations about population.
What are the THREE measures of central tendency?
Mode, median, and mean.
What are outliers?
Extremely different scores.
What does a Chi squared statistic test?
Nominal data.
What does ANOVA stand for?
Analysis of variance.
How many groups is ANOVA used for?
More than 2 groups.
What are the TWO ANOVA measures of variance?
Systematic and error.
What is systematic variance?
The comparison of the means of different groups to the overall mean of your sample.
What is error variance?
Looking at individuals and comparing their scores to the group they’re in.
What is the mode?
The most frequent number.
What is the median?
The middle number when the data is placed in ascending order.
What is the mean?
The average.
In correlations, the _________ is the strength and the __________ tells you the direction.
number; sign.
In normal distribution, where do most of the scores lie?
In the middle.
List the parts of an APA research paper in order:
Title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion, and references.
In an APA paper, the titles should be in __________.
bold
What is probability?
The likelihood of rejecting a null when it is true.
What is the most commonly used probability/alpha level?
0.05%
What is effect size?
Magnitude of the effect of the I.V.
If the probability is ___________ 0.05%, you should _________ the null.
less than; reject
If the probability is _________ 0.05%, you should ____________ the null.
more than; accept
What does a null hypothesis indicate?
No effect or difference in results.
what does a research hypothesis indicate?
Difference or effect in results.
What is a Type 1 Error?
Rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true.
How do you avoid a Type 1 Error?
Lowering the alpha value.
What is a Type 2 Error?
Accepting a false null hypothesis.
How do you avoid a Type 2 Error?
Using a bigger sample.
What is a T-Test used to measure?
2 groups.
What is the “p value”?
Significance level.
