Exam 2 chapter 6 Flashcards
define experiemnt
invesitgiations where the researcher maniuplates an indepdent variable among equivalent groups of participants
define a quasi-experiemnt
particpants are not equivalent, but the indepdent variable is measured
when could a quasi-experiemnt yield causal results?
if confounds are eliminated
define a correlational study
an experiemnt that explores the effect of a subject variable on a dependent measure.
do correlationsal studies yield causal informatoin?
they dont, but they can indetify relatinsips between a subject variable and dependent variale
define placebo
inert treatment that has no effect on dependent variable
what happenns in a between-groups design?
performance of one group’s participants is compared with another group’s participants’ performances
how do we make sure that manipulating the independent variable caused results?
the compared groups must be equivalent before the independent variable is introduced, free of potential confounds, the independent variable must be introduced before depdent variable is measured
define subject vairable
participant characteristic cannot be manipulated
examples of subject variables:
gender, age
what is a cross-sectional design?
differences across age groups
define extraneous variables
variables other than independent variable that can affect the dependent variable
what are confounded results
when the extraneous variable changed with independent variable
define internal validity
the extent to which indepdent variable is the cause of measured changes in the dependent variable
what is a confound
extraneuous variable or any other flaw in the research design that limits internal validity
